Analgesic drugs Opioid analgesics (centrally acting) opiates synthetic agents Antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory drugs (peripherally acting) aspirin, indomethacin Other drugs(for special types of pain) carbamazepine, atropine, nitroglycerin, etc
Analgesic drugs • Opioid analgesics (centrally acting) • opiates • synthetic agents • Antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory drugs (peripherally acting) • aspirin, indomethacin • Other drugs (for special types of pain) • carbamazepine, atropine, nitroglycerin, etc
Bone metabolism-regulating drugs · Hormones(激素类) ° estrogens(雌激素类): diety stilbestrol〔己烯雌酚) androgens(雄激素类): Testosterone〔睾酮) parathyroid hormone(甲状旁腺激素,PTH) and teriparatide(特 立帕肽), calcitonin(降钙素) Diphosphonates(双膦酸盐类药物) alendronate sodium(阿仑膦酸钠) Calcium and vitamin d3(钙及维生素D3) · Others Glucosamine(氨基葡萄糖), chondroitin sulfate(硫酸软骨素) fluorides(氟化物)
Bone metabolism-regulating drugs • Hormones（激素类） • estrogens（雌激素类）：diethylstilbestrol（己烯雌酚） • androgens（雄激素类）：Testosterone（睾酮） • parathyroid hormone（甲状旁腺激素，PTH） and teriparatide（特 立帕肽）, calcitonin（降钙素） • Diphosphonates（双膦酸盐类药物 ） • alendronate sodium（阿仑膦酸钠） • Calcium and Vitamin D3（钙及维生素D3） • Others • Glucosamine（氨基葡萄糖）, chondroitin sulfate（硫酸软骨素）, fluorides（氟化物）
Ca. P Serum D(+), PTH(+) I Gut Ca, P Bone D(+),PTH(+) CT( Ca P Kidney D(-) DO PTHO PTH(+) CT(+) CT(+) FGF23(+ Ca Calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body and the regulation parathyroid hormone(PTH), Calcitonin (CT), 1, 25(OH)2 D3( D), fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)
Calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body and the regulation parathyroid hormone (PTH), Calcitonin (CT)，1,25(OH)2 D3 (D), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)
Antibacterial drugs Agents against streptococcal(链球菌) infections Penicillins(青霉素类): penicillin G( benzylpenicillin,苄青霉素) Cephalosporins(头孢菌素类) Macrolides(大环内酯类): erythromycin(红霉素 · Lincomycins(林可霉素类) Quinolones喹诺酮类) · Sulfonamides(磺胺类)
Antibacterial drugs • Agents against streptococcal （链球菌）infections • Penicillins （青霉素类）：penicillin G (benzylpenicillin, 苄青霉素) • Cepharosporins（头孢菌素类） • Macrolides（大环内酯类）：erythromycin (红霉素) • Lincomycins（林可霉素类） • Quinolones (喹诺酮类) • Sulfonamides (磺胺类)
Gout suppressants Colchicine(水仙碱): relieving the pain and inflammation of gouty arthritis Indomethacin(吲哚美辛) and other NsAids (except aspirin, salicylates and tolmetin) inhibiting urate crystal phagocytosis(尿酸结晶体吞噬) Probenecid两磺舒 and sulfinpyrazone(磺吡酮: decreasing reabsorption of uric acid in the proximal tubule, thereby accelerating uric acid excretion (uricosuric drugs,尿酸促排 剂 Allopurinol(嘌醇 and febuxostat: Inhibiting xanthine oxidase, thereby reducing uric acid synthesis
Gout suppressants • Colchicine (秋水仙碱): • relieving the pain and inflammation of gouty arthritis • Indomethacin (吲哚美辛) and other NSAIDs (except aspirin, salicylates and tolmetin) : • inhibiting urate crystal phagocytosis (尿酸结晶体吞噬) • Probenecid (丙磺舒) and sulfinpyrazone (磺吡酮) : • decreasing reabsorption of uric acid in the proximal tubule, thereby accelerating uric acid excretion (uricosuric drugs, 尿酸促排 剂) • Allopurinol (别嘌醇) and febuxostat: • Inhibiting xanthine oxidase, thereby reducing uric acid synthesis