Intermembrane 4H+ space The electron (P side) 4Cytc丶 path in A complex Iv O2 Cu III I 4H+ 4H 2H.O Matrix (substrate)(pumped) (N side)
The electron path in complex IV
Fe C e Cu F Cu H2O e+2H+ e+2 H Fe4+=02-Cu2 OCu2+←F Cu H H Peroxy intermediate intermediate
7. A proton gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria is generated using the electron motive force An estimate of 10 protons are pumped for oxidizing one nadh and 6 for one fadh, accompanying the electron flow through complexes I, III and IV Conformational changes induced by electron transferring is believed to be coupled to proton pumping(however, the actual mechanisms is yet revealed!) In actively respiring mitochondria, the measured Aph is about 0.75 and difference in electrical potential (Ap)is about 0.15-0.2 V
7. A proton gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria is generated using the electron motive force • An estimate of 10 protons are pumped for oxidizing one NADH and 6 for one FADH2 accompanying the electron flow through complexes I, III and IV. • Conformational changes induced by electron transferring is believed to be coupled to proton pumping (however, the actual mechanisms is yet revealed!). • In actively respiring mitochondria, the measured pH is about 0.75 and difference in electrical potential () is about 0.15-0.2 V
The energy stored in such an Ht gradient can be used to synthesize atp or to do other work
• The energy stored in such an H+ gradient can be used to synthesize ATP or to do other work
Intermembrane space(P side 2H' 4H yt c 吗Q O+2H O NADH +H+ NAD+ Succinate Fumarate Matrix (N side) AHt gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria (or plasma membrane of bacteria) is generated by "uphill pumping using energy released by the <downhill flow of electrons
A H+ gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria (or plasma membrane of bacteria) is generated by “uphill” H+ pumping using energy released by the “downhill” flow of electrons