Selected Milestones in Virology Discovery Year Scientist Nobel prize Smallpox vaccine 1798 Edward Jenner Rabies vaccine 1885 Louis Pasteur Viruses are filtrable Tobacco mosaic virus 1892 Dimitrii Ivanovski 1898 Martinus beijerinck Rous sarcoma virus 1911 Peyton rous Bacteriophages and the 1915 Frederick Twort plaque assay 1917 Felix d Herelle Crystallization of tobacco 1935 Wendell Stanley and John Northrup 1946 mosaic virus Bacteriophage genes are 1952 Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 1969 DNA Discovery of interferons 1957 Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindenmann
Selected Milestones in Virology Discovery Year Scientist Nobel prize Smallpox vaccine 1798 Edward Jenner Rabies vaccine Rabies vaccine 1885 Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur Viruses are filtrable Tobacco mosaic virus 1892 1898 Dimitrii Ivanovski Martinus Beijerinck Martinus Beijerinck Rous Sarcoma virus 1911 Peyton Rous 1966 Bacteriophages and the 1915 Frederick Twort plaque assay 1917 Felix d’Herelle Crystallization of tobacco mosaic virus 1935 Wendell Stanley and John Northrup 1946 mosaic virus Bacteriophage genes are DNA 1952 Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 1969 Di f i f Discovery o f inter ferons 1957 Ali kc k I d J Li d Isaacs an d Jean Li n denmann
Selected Milestones in Virology Discovery Year Scientists Nobel prize Polio vaccines 1955 Jonas Salk 1960 Albert Sabin Reverse transcriptase of 1971 Howard Temin and David Baltimore 1975 retroviruses Virus vectors and gentic 1970s Paul Berg 1980 engineering Cellular oncogene in a 1976 Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus 1989 retrovirus RNA Splicing in adenovirus 1977 Phillip sharp and richard roberts 1993 Discovery of Human 1983 Barre-Sinoussi F& montagnier L 08 Immunodeficiency Virus HBV vaccine(recombinant) 1986 HPV vaccine(recombinant) 2006
Selected Milestones in Virology Discovery scove r y Year Scientists ie n tists Nobel prize Polio vaccines 1955 1960 Jonas Salk Albert Sabin Albert Sabin Reverse transcriptase of retroviruses 1971 Howard Temin and David Baltimore 1975 Virus vectors and gentic engineering 1970s Paul Berg 1980 Cellular onco gene in a 1976 Michael Bisho p and Harold Varmus 1989 retrovirus RNA splicing in adenovirus 1977 Phillip Sharp and Richard Roberts 1993 Di f H scovery o f Human 1983 B é Si i F & M i L 2008 Immunodeficiency Virus 1983 Barr é -Sinoussi F. & Montagnier L. 2008 HBV vaccine (recombinant) 1986 HPV vaccine (recombinant) 2006
Virus classification http://www.ictvonline.org a virus species is a polythetic class of viruses that constitute a replicating lineage and occupy a particular ecological niche Apolythetic class is one whose members have several properties in common, although they do not necessarily all share a single common defining property. In other words, the members of a virus species are defined collectively by a consensus group of properties
Virus Classification http://www.ictvonline.org/ “a virus species is a polythetic class of viruses that constitute a replicating lineage and occupy a particular ecological niche”. A “polythetic class” is one whose members have several properti i l h h h d il ll ies in common, a l thoug h they do not necessarily all share a single common defining property. In other words, th b f i i d fi d ll ti l b the mem bers o f a virus spec ies are d efine d collective ly by a consensus group of properties
Common Properties for virus classification Virion morphology Nature of genome in virion Presence or absence of lipid membrane (envelope) Genome organization and replication Antigenic properties Biological properties
Common Properties for Virus Classification ¾ Virion morphology ¾ Nature of genome in virion Nature of genome in virion ¾ Presence or absence of lipid membrane (envelope) ¾ Genome organization and replication ¾ Antigenic properties ¾ Biological properties Biological properties
Current ICTV Virus classification The most recent report: Virus Taxonomy: IXth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses", 2012 目 Orders(- virale):7 科 Families( viridae):96 >亚科 Subfamilies( venae):22 属 Genera(irus):420 种 Species:2618
Current ICTV Virus Classification The most recent re p y ort: "Virus Taxonom y: IXth Re port of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses", 2012 ¾ 目 Orders (-virale): 7 ¾ 科 Families ( Families ( -viridae viridae): 96 ¾ 亚科 Subfamilies (-virinae): 22 ¾ 属 Genera (-virus): 420 ¾ 种 Species: 2618 Species: 2618