(1)Conpounds of Cu(①) (i)Cut:extremely unstable in solution 2Cut=Cu2++Cu,K9=1.0X106 Cu2+0.161V Cu*0.52V Cu (ii)solid Cu(I)compounds show higher thermal stability than that of solid Cu(II)ones 2Cu0(s)1100℃ Cu,0s,暗红)+0 2 1800℃ 2CS)+2 CuCl,(s) 990 C>CuCN)+Cl:
(1) Conpounds of Cu(I) 2Cu+ Cu2++Cu ， =1.0×106 K (i) Cu+ : extremely unstable in solution (ii) solid Cu(I) compounds show higher thermal stability than that of solid Cu(II) ones O2 2 1 2Cu(s) 2 C l 2 2 1 CuCl(s) 990 C CuCl (s) 1800℃ 2 O2 2 1 Cu O(s, ) 1100 C 2CuO(s) 暗红 Cu2+ Cu+ Cu 0.161V 0.52V
(iii)Cu+is a soft acid (i.e.,big r),can form complexes with the following ligands with stability in an order below: CI<Br<I<SCN-<NH3<S202<CS(NH2)<CN Ksmall large (iv)Cu(D)compounds react with O2: 2Cu,0+0, 200°C →4Cu0 (除去氮气中微量02)
(iv) Cu(I) compounds react with O2： 4CuO 200 C 2Cu2 O O2 ( O ) 除去氮气中微量 2 (iii) Cu+ is a soft acid (i.e., big r), can form complexes with the following ligands with stability in an order below: Cl-＜Br-＜I -＜SCN-＜NH3＜S2O3 2-＜CS(NH2 )2＜CNK small large f
(v)The coordination number of Cu(I)in the corresponding complexes is normally 2,sometimes 3 or 4. Cu(I)complexes are not easy to be disproportionated Cu2+0.161VCut0.52V Cu Cu2+0.447V[CuC12J0.232V_Cu Cu+Cu2++4CI(浓盐酸)△→2CuC1,(土黄色) 稀释 [CuC12]- CuC1(s,白色)+C1 Cu(NH)0.013V Cu0NH,)5-0.128V Cu
Cu(I) complexes are not easy to be disproportionated Cu2+ 0.447V [CuCl2 ] - 0.232V Cu 2 0.013V -0.128V 3 4 Cu(NH ) 3 2 Cu(NH ) Cu C u C u 4C l ( ) 2CuCl ( ) 2 2 浓盐酸 △ 土黄色 [CuCl2] - 稀释 CuCl(s, 白色)+Cl- (v) The coordination number of Cu(I) in the corresponding complexes is normally 2, sometimes 3 or 4. Cu2+ Cu+ Cu 0.161V 0.52V
(vi)solid Cu(I)compounds are not easy to be disproportionated沉淀物不易歧化 Cu2+0.561VCuC10.117V Cu c.f.:Cu2+0.161VCu+0.52V Cu 水溶液：Ee(右)>Ee(左)，Cu+歧化。 2Cu+-Cu2++Cu Ke=1.0X106 Cu2O+H2SO>CuSO+Cu+H2O Cu,O+2HCI->2CuCl(s)+H,O
(vi) solid Cu(I) compounds are not easy to be disproportionated 沉淀物不易歧化 Cu2+ Cu+ Cu 0.161V 0.52V Cu2+ CuCl Cu 0.561V 0.117V c.f.: C u 2 O H 2 S O 4 CuSO 4 C u H 2 O 水溶液： (右)＞ (左)，Cu E E +歧化。 2Cu+ Cu2++Cu ， =1.0×106 K C u 2 O 2HCl 2CuCl(s) H 2 O
(vii)Cu(I)complexes can adsorb CO and olefins: [CuCl2]+CO -[CuCl2(CO)] [CuCl2]+C2H [CuCl2(C2H)] [Cu(NH3)2]++CO -[Cu(NH)2(CO)] [Cu(NH,CH,CHOH)2+C2H- [Cu(NH2CH CH2OH)2(C2H) Can be used to separate olefin hydrocarbon from petroleum gas,用于石油气中分离出烯烃
(vii) Cu(I) complexes can adsorb CO and olefins： [CuCl2 ] - + CO [CuCl2 (CO)]- [CuCl2 ] - + C2H4 [CuCl2 (C2H4 )]- [Cu(NH3 )2 ] + + CO [Cu(NH3 )2 (CO)]+ [Cu(NH2CH2CH2OH)2 ] + + C2H4 [Cu(NH2CH2CH2OH)2 (C2H4 )]+ Can be used to separate olefin hydrocarbon from petroleum gas用于石油气中分离出烯烃