聚合物材料=高分子材料 论 A Polymer is a substance composed of molecules characterized by the multiple repetition of one or more species of atoms or groups of atoms (constitutional repeating 第三章 units) linked to each other in amounts ufficient to provide a set of properties that do not vary markedly with the addition of 聚合物材料 one or a few of the constitutional repeating 高分子材料的来源 General Characteristics >Insulation 口 Static accumulation 天然高分子 纤维素、木质素、天然橡胶、蛋白 >Easy molding DIfficult recycling 口 Low mech properties /Extremely light weight LOw service T 合成高分子 聚合反应 聚合反应:将小分子(单体)连接成 >Chemical resistance AGing 高分子的反应 Colorability 口 Flammable Origin of the Characteristics 聚合物产生年代表 今 Covalent bonds g Contain mainly carbon in their backbone Long chain molecules 然重胺果苯并球
1 材料 导论 第三章 聚合物材料 A Polymer is a substance composed of molecules characterized by the multiple repetition of one or more species of atoms or groups of atoms (constitutional repeating units) linked to each other in amounts sufficient to provide a set of properties that do not vary markedly with the addition of one or a few of the constitutional repeating units. 聚合物材料＝高分子材料 高分子材料的来源 二、合成高分子——聚合反应 聚合反应：将小分子（单体）连接成 高分子的反应。 一、天然高分子 纤维素、木质素、天然橡胶、蛋白 质、蚕丝 ¾Insulation ¾Easy molding Low mech properties ¾Extremely light weight ¾Transparency ¾Colorability General Characteristics Difficult recycling Static accumulation Low service T ¾Chemical resistance Aging Flammable Contain mainly carbon in their backbone Covalent bonds Long chain molecules Origin of the Characteristics 聚合物产生年代表
聚合物材料的分类 32塑料 合就料 塑料 隐慢斜 性斜 热塑性塑料热固性塑料 通用塑料 工程塑料先进工程塑料 321通用塑料 General categories of plastics 通用塑料 Plastic group Typical member ommodity Intermediate Polyethylene terephthalate 2 聚乙烯聚丙烯豪氯乙烯聚苯乙烯 Engineering Polyamide(PA) High performance Polyetheretherketone -CHrCH--CH-CH- -CH-CH- -CH-CH- CH3 3.2.2 工程塑料 Styrene-Acry lonitriles -CHrCH- -CHy CH- SAN 氯塑料豪甲醛有机玻璃 L共聚物 CFrCFr-CH-O- C -CHrCH- -CH CH- -CH-C- CH,CH-CH-CH,. ABS 聚酰胺(尼龙) COOCH, 聚碳酸 -CHr CH- -CHr CH- +-CH--C- MBS cm)-、(cH CH○)0-0 COoCH
2 聚合物材料的分类 涂料 粘合剂 弹性体 热塑性塑料 热固性塑料 塑料 合成纤维 天然聚合物 生物系统 聚合物材料 3.2 塑料 通用塑料 工程塑料 先进工程塑料 热塑性塑料 热固性塑料 塑料 Plastic group Typical member Relative price Commodity Polystyrene (PS) 1 Intermediate Polyethylene terephthalate 2 Engineering Polyamide (PA) 6 High performance Polyetheretherketone 83 General categories of plastics 通用塑料 聚乙烯 聚丙烯 聚氯乙烯 聚苯乙烯 −CH2− CH2− −CH2− CH− CH3 −CH2− CH− Cl −CH2− CH− 3.2.1 通用塑料 氟塑料 聚酰胺（尼龙） 聚碳酸酯 苯乙烯－丙 烯腈共聚物 −CF2− CF2− −CH2− 3.2.2 聚甲醛 有机玻璃 CH3 ＝ O CH3 −O O CH －C－ O－ −CH2− C− COOCH3 CH3 −N-(CH2)n-N −C-(CH2)n-C− ＝ H O − H − ＝ O SAN， ABS， MBS， OSA，ASA 工程塑料 Styrene-Acrylonitriles −CH2− CH− CN −CH2− CH− + SAN −CH2− CH− CN −CH2− CH− + + CH2= CH-CH=CH2 ABS −CH2− CH− CN −CH2− CH− + −CH2− C− COOCH3 CH3 + MBS
Styrene-Acrylonitriles Family Characteristics -CHr-CH--CH-CH--CH-CH Superior processibility and appearance ASA Low creep -CH2-CH-_CH-ch- High strength and rigidity 乙丙橡胶 Good dimensional stability ABS OSA ASA 3.2.3 Advanced thermoplastics Density, g/em L.2/10 MPa MPa57-7532-393936-39 Polyet modulus, GP: 18-2.21.1 2.0-4.5 olvether-imlde d izod 550 8-8590-113102 polyester POLYPHENYLEN Poly phenylene oxide(PPo) A good heat resistance, with decomposition temperatures of the order of 400C The polymer is brittle, insoluble and infusible
3 −CH2− CH− CN −CH2− CH− + + −CH2− CH− COOR ASA Styrene-Acrylonitriles −CH2− CH− CN −CH2− CH− + + 乙丙橡胶 OSA Family Characteristics Superior processibility and appearance Good dimensional stability Low creep High strength and rigidity Property SAN (30%) ABS OSA ASA Density, g/cm3 1.07- 1.08 1.02 1.05- 1.06 Tensile strength, MPa 57-75 32-39 39 36-39 Tensile modulus, GPa 3.4-3.6 1.8-2.2 1.1 2.3 Elongation at yield, % 2.0-4.5 30 - Notched Izod impact strength, J/m 13-24 270- 400 750 500- 550 Rockwell hardness 78-85 90-113 102 96 3.2.3 Advanced thermoplastics Processing Yield Modulus Strain Notched Polymer Temperature Strength MPa at break Izod J/m °C MPa Polyetheretherketone ~400 100 3.10 >40 85 Polyarylene ketone ― 81.6 2.48 13 ― Polyphenylene sulfide ~343 82.1 4.34 5 160 Polyarylene sulfide ~329 100 3.24 7.3 42 PAI(Torlon) ~400 63.4 4.60 1.4 144 Polyether-imide ~343 105 2.96 60 53 Polyimide ~343 120 3.12 4.8 ― Polyimde sulfone ~343 62.7 4.96 1.3 ― Polysulfone ~300 70.3 2.48 >50 64 Polyaryl sulfone ~330 71.7 2.14 60 64 Polyarylether sulfone ~300 84.1 2.62 >40 85 Polyester ~400 138 16.5 4.9 128 A good heat resistance, with decomposition temperatures of the order of 400°C The polymer is brittle, insoluble and infusible. POLYPHENYLENE Polyphenylene oxide (PPO) n O－ CH3 CH3 － － －
Family Characteristics Poly phenylene Sulfides(PPs) High moisture resistance Heat-deflection temperatures range from 80 to 155 Notched Izod impact: 106 to 530 J/m Ci-O-a+ Nas- to-sf Excellent dimensional stability, heat resistance ow creep values with long-term continuous load Applications Polymer Properties Electrical and Electronic: integrated-circuit and capacitor encapsulations, switches, electronic watch bases, and Good thermal stability and unusual insolubility resistance to chemical environments Mechanical and Chemical: Pump housings, impeller diffusers, pump vanes, end plates, oil field hardware, heat nherent flame resistance shields, boiler sensor Good resistance to thermal degradation at up to 370°c Appliance: microwave oven components, computer disk drives Insoluble in organic solvents below 200C Automotive: Emission-control system, sensoring devices A high oxygen index of 44 fuel, ignition and braking systems, light sockets, cooling system, air-conditioning Family Characteristics Polysulfones(PsU) Transparent, rigid, ductile A clear, rigid, tough thermoplast capable of continuous use at Tg=185° c heat-deflection temperature of174°C temperatures up to 160C Excellent thermal stability and chemical inertness. Superior resistance to thermal degradatio sistance and ductility that are {@@@◎叶 retained to temperatures below 0C Resistance to burning, does not require the addition of flame retardants
4 High moisture resistance. Heat-deflection temperatures range from 80 to 155 °C Notched Izod impact: 106 to 530 J/m Excellent insulators Excellent dimensional stability, heat resistance, Low creep values with long-term continuous load. Family Characteristics Polyphenylene Sulfides (PPS) Cl − −Cl + Na S 2S − − − n Good thermal stability and unusual insolubility, resistance to chemical environments, Inherent flame resistance. Good resistance to thermal degradation at up to 370 °C. Insoluble in organic solvents below 200 °C A high oxygen index of 44 Polymer Properties Mechanical and Chemical: Pump housings, impeller diffusers, pump vanes, end plates, oil field hardware, heat shields, boiler sensor Applications Appliance: microwave oven components, computer disk drives Automotive: Emission-control system, sensoring devices, fuel, ignition and braking systems, light sockets, cooling system, air-conditioning Electrical and Electronic: integrated-circuit and capacitor encapsulations, switches, electronic watch bases, and relay components A clear, rigid, tough thermoplastic capable of continuous use at temperatures up to 160 °C Polysulfones (PSU) SO2 n － CH3 CH3 −O CH O－ Resistance to burning, does not require the addition of flame retardants. Family Characteristics Transparent, rigid, ductile Tg = 185 °C heat-deflection temperature of 174 °C Excellent thermal stability and chemical inertness. Superior resistance to thermal degradation Impact resistance and ductility that are retained to temperatures below 0°C
PSU mechanical properties Value Test Applications Tensile stength at yield, MPa Microwave cookware Tensilemodulus GPa Electrical and electronic Tensile elongation at break, Membrane support Poissons ratio at 0.5% strain Polyaryl Sulfones(PAS) Family Characteristics Mechanical properties Flexural modulus of 2.75 GPa o@@0m Outstanding impa high tensile strength Thermal Properties gh Tg heat-deflection temperature: 205C Characteristics Polyether Sulfones(PES) Thermal Stability. can be used for many thousands of hours up to 200C without significant loss of strength. Dimensional Stability: Changes in dimensions at up to 200° are negligible Electrical Variations are small between -75 to 200.c Flammability. Inherently flame retardant and emits very low levels of toxic gases and smoke when burned The chemical resistance is excellent in the case of most solvents, gasoline, oils, acids, and alkalis
5 Property Value Test method Tensile suength at yield, MPa 70.3 D 638 Tensilemodulus, GPa 2.48 D 638 Tensile elongation at break, % 75 D 638 Tensile impact, kJ/m2 420 D 1822 Poisson's ratio at 0.5% strain 0.37 ... Notched Izod at 6 2 mm 64 D PSU mechanical properties Microwave cookware Electrical and electronic Membrane support Applications Polyaryl Sulfones (PAS) SO2 − n －O－ －O－ Mechanical properties Flexural modulus of 2.75 GPa Outstanding impact strength high tensile strength. Thermal Properties high Tg: 210 °C heat-deflection temperature: 205 °C Family Characteristics Polyether Sulfones (PES) n S O O O General Characteristics Thermal Stability. can be used for many thousands of hours up to 200 °C without significant loss of strength. Dimensional Stability. Changes in dimensions at up to 200 °C are negligible. Creep Resistance. can carry substantial loads for long periods at up to 180 °C The chemical resistance is excellent in the case of most solvents, gasoline, oils, acids, and alkalis. Electrical. Variations are small between -75 to 200 ° C Flammability. Inherently flame retardant and emits very low levels of toxic gases and smoke when burned