课程安排 绪论,力学性质 材料导论 聚合物材料 第三讲复合材料 第四讲陶瓷材料 第五讲金属学基础 第→章绪论 七讲材料与环境 第九讲磁性能,光学性质 课末考试60% What are materials 1986年奔驰汽车 1996年奔驰汽车 Materials are the matter of the universe. These substances have properties that make them useful in 钢铁:67% structures, machines, devices, products 高分子:12% 高分子:18% and systems. 合金铝:4% 金铝:6% 纺织品:12% 织品:12% 材料是宇宙间可用于制造有用 物品的物质。 材料成熟曲线 MATERIALS SCIENCE ENGINEERING 超级合金 involves the generation and 传统工程塑料 application of knowledge relating 高性能工程塑料 the composition, structure, and the 光导纤维 processing of materials to their 脂基复合材料 金属基复合材料 properties and uses. 材料组成、结构、加工与材料 性质、使用之间关系的发现与应用
1 材料导论 第一章 绪论 课程安排 第一讲 绪论，力学性质 第二讲 聚合物材料 第三讲 复合材料 第四讲 陶瓷材料 第五讲 金属学基础 课中考试 40％ 第六讲 金属材料 第七讲 材料与环境 第八讲 电性能 第九讲 磁性能，光学性质 课末考试 60％ What are materials? Materials are the matter of the universe. These substances have properties that make them useful in structures, machines, devices, products, and systems. 材料是宇宙间可用于制造有用 物品的物质。 钢铁：67% 高分子：12% 合金铝：4％ 纺织品：12％ 钢铁：62% 高分子：18% 合金铝：6％ 纺织品：12％ 1986年奔驰汽车 1996年奔驰汽车 材料成熟曲线 铝 铜 碳钢 通用塑料 不锈钢 超级合金 特殊金属 传统工程塑料 高性能工程塑料 工程塑料合金 光导纤维 树脂基复合材料 金属基复合材料 结构陶瓷 MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING involves the generation and application of knowledge relating the composition, structure, and the processing of materials to their properties and uses. 材料组成、结构、加工与材料 性质、使用之间关系的发现与应用
WHY STUDY MATERIALS 原材料制取 SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 丢弃/回收 预加工 Materials scientists and engineers are 材料环 specialists who are totally involved in the 服务期 工程化 investigation and design of materials. (生产制品 Does the material possess the WHY STUDY MATERIALS necessary mechanical, electrical, and SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING thermal properties? Can the material be formed to the desired Many times, a materials problem is one Will the properties of the material alter with of selecting the right material from the time during service? many thousands that are available. Will the material be adversely affected by the environmental conditions and resist corrosion and other forms of attack Will the material be acceptable on aesthetic Processing Will the material give sufficient degree of → Structure reliability and quality? Can the product be made at an acceptable cos → Performance Can the product b
2 WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Materials scientists and engineers are specialists who are totally involved in the investigation and design of materials. 原材料制取 预加工 生产制品 服务期 丢弃/回收 工程化 材料环 Many times, a materials problem is one of selecting the right material from the many thousands that arc available. WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Does the material possess the necessary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties? Can the material be formed to the desired shape? Will the properties of the material alter with time during service? Will the material be adversely affected by the environmental conditions and resist corrosion and other forms of attack? Will the material be acceptable on aesthetic grounds? Will the material give sufficient degree of reliability and quality? Can the product be made at an acceptable cost? Can the product be recycled? Processing → Structure → Properties → Performance
Mechanical Subatomic structure Thermal A tomic level structure Electrical Structure Properties Physical Magnetic AcroscoPIc tical Macrosco Deteriorative METALS 金属材料 quite strong, yet deformable 材料 good conductors of electricity and heat 材料 半导体 not transparent to visible light 途料》分子材料 polished metal surface has a lustrous appearance The elements inherently metallic in nature Ceramics compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements typically insulative to the passage of electricity and heat more resistant to high temperatures and harsh BEER environments hard but very brittle
3 Structure Subatomic structure Atomic level structure Microscopic Macroscopic Properties Mechanical Electrical Thermal Magnetic Optical Deteriorative Physical 材 料 金属材料 高分子材料 有色金属 粉末金属 钢铁 塑料 橡胶 涂料 粘合剂 纤维 复合 材料 陶 瓷 材 料 玻璃 结晶陶瓷 碳材料 半导体 METALS good conductors of electricity and heat not transparcnt to visible light; polished metal surface has a lustrous appearance quite strong, yet deformable The elements inherently metallic in nature Ceramics compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements typically insulative to the passage of electricity and heat more resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments hard but very brittle
Ceramic compounds indicated by a combination of metallic elements with nonmetallic elements POLYMERS >Electrical insulation >Thermal insulation >Chemical resistance Extremely light weight >Transparency >Tough Colorability The elements associated with commercial polymers COMPOSITES A composite material is a combination of two or more chemically different materials having a distinct interface between them which act together to produce a desired HEEEBRMEIHISRER (tailored) set of properties 图EE A composite is designed to combine the best HaEEEERHEI characteristic of each constituent material EXAMPLES OF COMPOSITES SEMICONDUCTORS Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors and insulators Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of these materials are extremely sensitive to the presence of minute concentrations of impurity atoms
4 Ceramic compounds indicated by a combination of metallic elements with nonmetallic elements POLYMERS ¾Electrical insulation ¾Thermal insulation ¾Chemical resistance ¾Magnetic inertness ¾Extremely light weight ¾Toughness ¾Transparency ¾Colorability The elements associated with commercial polymers COMPOSITES A composite material is a combination of two or more chemically different materials, having a distinct interface between them, which act together to produce a desired (tailored) set of properties. A composite is designed to combine the best characteristic of each constituent material. EXAMPLES OF COMPOSITES SEMICONDUCTORS Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors and insulators. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of these materials are extremely sensitive to the presence of minute concentrations of impurity atoms
The elements involved in semiconductors BIOMATERIALS Biomaterials are employed in components implanted into the human body for replacement of diseased or damaged body EEENERRHINHERE ADVANCED MATERIALS Examples of High-tech Lasers, integrated circuits, magnetic information Materials that are utilized technology applications are sometimes ptics, spacecraft, aircraft, and military rocketry termed advanced materials. and the thermal protection system for the space Nanostructured Materials Nanopaticles The building blocks of these materials, be it Scale metal, ceramic or polymers, are nanometer size building 目eibs tocks The properties of materials can be engineered by these building bl the 1-100 nm size range and their assembly Naotubes
5 The elements involved in semiconductors Biomaterials arc employed in components implanted into the human body for replacement of diseased or damaged body parts. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCED MATERIALS Materials that are utilized in hightechnology applications are sometimes termed advanced materials. Lasers, integrated circuits, magnetic information storage, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), fiber optics, spacecraft, aircraft, and military rocketry and the thermal protection system for the space shuttle orbiter. Examples of High-tech The properties of materials can be engineered by controlling the sizes of these building blocks in the 1-100 nm size range and their assembly. Nanostructured Materials The building blocks of these materials, be it metal, ceramic or polymers, are nanometer size particles