Stress and Coping
Stress and Coping
WhatIs"Stress"?What are "stress" in our daily life?physical response and G.A.S2026/9/222
2026/9/22 2 What Is “Stress”? ❖ What are “stress” in our daily life? ❖ physical response and G.A.S
Three meaningsof stress:1. Stressor:_events be appraise as harmfulobstacles to achieving goals, violatingexpectations about the world;dangerous and aversive rather than safeor desirable2. Reaction: fight or flight;3. Relationship: bottom-up, top-down,feedbackloop32026/9/22
2026/9/22 3 Three meanings of stress: 1. Stressor: .events be appraise as harmful, obstacles to achieving goals, violating expectations about the world； dangerous and aversive rather than safe or desirable 2. Reaction: fight or flight; 3. Relationship: bottom-up, top-down, feedback loop
Psycho-physiological stress responseAnteriorVentromedial-CingulatePrefrontalHippocampusGyrusEventsCortex[DeclarativeMemories]NucleusOrbitalAccumbensSensory PathwaysPrefrontalandAmygdalaCortex[Emotional Memories]AssociationAreasBed NucleioftheStria TerminalisHypothalamusParaventricularNBrainstemSkeletalEndoocrine&MotorOutputsAutonomicOutputsBodilyExpressionsofEmotions & Stress Reactions
Psycho-physiological stress response
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS )Normal Level11of Resistance1BCA11Figure1.Thethreephases of thegeneraladaptation syndrome(GAS)(Selye1974)A.Alarm reaction.Thebodyshowsthe changes characteristicof thefirst exposuretoastressor.At the same time.its resistance is diminished and,if the stressoris suficientlySelyeH (1907.strong(severeburns,extremesoftemperature),deathmayresult.1982)B.StageofResistance.Resistanceensues ifcontinued expasuretothestressoriscompatiblewith adaptation,Thebodilysignscharacteristicofthealarmreactionhavevirtuallydis-appeared,andresistancerisesabovenormal.lfthisstageisprolonged,hyperadaptosisoccursC.Stage of Exhaustion,Following long-continued exposure to the same stressor,towhichthebodyhadbecomeadjusted,eventually adaptation energy is exhausted.The signsofthealarmreactionreappear.butnowmaybeirreversible,andthe individual mayexperi-ence symptoms ofadrenal failure.5
5 General Adaptation Syndrome（GAS） Selye H (1907- 1982)