IV. The standard of translation(see students'book 1. One is set up by Yan Fu(严复) on the basis of faithfulness expressiveness and elegance (faithfulness to be faithful to the content of the original expressiveness to be as expressive as the original elegance: to be elegant if a translator uses words or sentence patterns before Han Dynasty.)
IV. The standard of translation (see students’ book) 1. One is set up by Yan Fu (严复) on the basis of “faithfulness , expressiveness and elegance” (faithfulness: to be faithful to the content of the original; expressiveness: to be as expressive as the original; elegance: to be elegant if a translator uses words or sentence patterns before Han Dynasty .)
(信、达、雅) (信: 意义不倍(背)本文,忠实于原文; 达 ■尽译文语言所能事以求原义明显,不拘泥于原文 形式,信、达二者统 雅 脱离原文而片面追求译文本身的古雅。他认为 有译文本身采用“汉以前字法句法”—实际上即 所谓上等的文言文,才算登大雅之堂 (加上课本p.8中间的内容评论)
(信、达、雅). (信： 意义不倍(背)本文，忠实于原文； 达： 尽译文语言所能事以求原义明显，不拘泥于原文 形式，信、达二者统一； 雅： 脱离原文而片面追求译文本身的古雅。他认为只 有译文本身采用“汉以前字法句法”——实际上即 所谓上等的文言文，才算登大雅之堂。) (加上课本p.8中间的内容评论)
2. The other is put forward by Lu Xun (fitl)on the basis of rather being faithful in thought than smooth in language (宁信而不顺)
2. The other is put forward by Lu Xun (鲁迅) on the basis of “rather being faithful in thought than smooth in language” (宁信而不顺)
3. The new China witnesses two important scholars on translation One is Fu Lei and the other is Qian Zhongshu. The former suggests achieve the ' of the original or express resemblance (神似) (译文同原文如果能在形式上和精神上同时一致起来,或称能达到“形 似”和“神似”,这是翻译的高标准。) Mr Qian Zhongshu puts forward the ideas of transfiguration or conversion"which aimed at"perfection (化境) (所谓“化境”就是原作向译文的“投胎转世”,文字形式虽然换了,而 原文投胎的思想、感情、风格、神韵都原原本本的化到了译文的境界 里了,丝毫不留下翻译的痕迹,让读者读译作就完全像在读原作一样。 化境是比传神更高的翻译标准。) They two follow the principle of faithfulness
3. The new China witnesses two important scholars on translation. One is Fu Lei and the other is Qian Zhongshu. The former suggests “achieve the ‘spirit’ of the original or express resemblance” （神似）. (译文同原文如果能在形式上和精神上同时一致起来，或称能达到“形 似” 和“神似”，这是翻译的高标准。) Mr. Qian Zhongshu puts forward the ideas of “transfiguration or conversion” which aimed at “perfection” (化境). （所谓“化境”‘就是原作向译文的“投胎转世” ，文字形式虽然换了，而 原文投胎的思想、感情、风格、神韵都原原本本的化到了译文的境界 里了，丝毫不留下翻译的痕迹，让读者读译作就完全像在读原作一样。 化境是比传神更高的翻译标准。） They two follow the principle of faithfulness
4. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there appeared another translator. the monk Dao An (释道安) He suggested preaching according to the original without any deduction or addition” (案本而传,不令有损言游字:按照原文的本意)
4. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there appeared another translator, the monk Dao An (释道安). He suggested “preaching according to the original without any deduction or addition” (案本而传，不令有损言游字: 按照原文的本意)