白磷的结构 红磷的结构 好时 Bi Sb 黑磷的结构 N2,P:metalloid, As,Sb:quasi-metal, Bi:metal
As Sb Bi N2 , P: metalloid， As, Sb: quasi-metal， Bi: metal 白 磷 的 结 构 红 磷 的 结 构 黑磷的结构
14.1.3 The compounds of nitrogen 1.Hydride of nitrogen ◆ ammonia (NH3) molecular N:sp3 hybridization,triangular structure: pyramid molecular structure N 100.8pm 107.30 H H H H
14.1.3 The compounds of nitrogen molecular structure： N：sp3 hybridization, triangular pyramid molecular structure 1. Hydride of nitrogen N H 107.3o .. H H ◆ ammonia (NH3 )
Preparation: In laboratory: 2NHCI+Ca(OH)2>CaCl2 +2H2O+2NH3(g) In industry process: N+3H2 450-500C 30MPa Fe >2NH Chemical properties: 1 Soluble in water forming monoprotic weak base NH+H,ONH·HO=NH+OH 2 Strong reducing ability 4NH3 +302(pure)>2N2 +6H2O 4NH,+50,a)24N0+6H,0
In industry process: 2NH Cl Ca(OH) CaCl 2H O 2NH (g) 4 + 2 ⎯→ 2 + 2 + 3 N2 3H2 2NH3 + ⎯450 ⎯⎯~500 ⎯ ⎯C 30MPa ⎯⎯ ⎯Fe→ Preparation： In laboratory： Chemical properties： ① Soluble in water forming monoprotic weak base ② Strong reducing ability _ NH3 +H2O NH3 H2O NH4 +OH + 4NH 5O (air) 4NO 6H O 4NH 3O (pure) 2N 6H O 2 P t 3 2 3 2 2 2 + ⎯⎯→ + + → + 800oc
3 coordination reaction H+NH3→NH4 Ag+2NH3→[AgNH3)2] 4Substitution reaction 2NH3 +2Na- >2NaNH,H, Na loses e,H+gete ◆NH2-NH2联氨（肼），NH氏亚氨基，N≤氮化物 hydrazine ◆NH,OH羟氨，Ammonium hydroxide
④ Substitution reaction + + + + + → + → Ag 2N H [Ag(NH ) ] H N H N H 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 570 C 2NH3 + 2Na ⎯⎯⎯→2NaNH + H 催化 ③ coordination reaction ◆NH2 -NH2联氨(肼)，NH 亚氨基，N 氮化物 hydrazine ◆NH2OH 羟氨, Ammonium hydroxide Na loses e, H+ get e
◆Ammonium salts 1 Most ammonium salts are colorless crystals and soluble in water hydrolysis:NH H2O=H3O++NH3 The structure of NH: N:sp3 hybridization,tetrahedron Identification of NH: H Litmus paper method(石蕊试纸法)：pH range:5-8遇酸变红 遇碱变蓝 Nessler reagent(K2HgI4:phenomena is红棕到深褐 NH+2Hg,广+40H一OHg g-NH.HI(s)+I+3H.O
① Most ammonium salts are colorless crystals and soluble in water H N H H H + ◆ Ammonium salts Litmus paper method(石蕊试纸法)：pH range: 5 -8 遇酸变红， 遇碱变蓝 + NH4 The structure of ： Nessler reagent (K2HgI4 ): phenomena is 红棕到深褐 N：sp3 hybridization, tetrahedron Identification of NH4 +： NH ]I(s) 7I 3H O Hg Hg NH 2[HgI ] 4OH [O 2 2 2 4 + 4 + + + + - - - hydrolysis： + H2O H3O+ + NH3 + NH4