4.1流体方程的随体导数 4.2积分形式的连续性方程 输运公式可用于任何分布函数n,如密度分布、动量分布、能量分布等

B3.1微分形式的质量守恒方程 B3.1.1流体运动的连续性原理 根据质量守恒定律,不可压缩流体流进控制体的质量应等于流出控制体的质量,称其为流体运动的连续性原理。由哈维发现的人体血液循环理论是流体连续性原理的例证:

1分类 2比较

Chapter 4 Differential Relations For Viscous Flow 4.1 Preliminary Remarks Two ways in analyzing fluid motion (1)Seeking an estimate of gross effects over a finite region or control volume. Integral ()Seeking the point-by-point details of a flow pattern by analyzing an infinitesimal region of the flow

When is a flow compressible? compressible flow differs from an incompressible one in that significant change happens in the density

Boundary layer(边界层) Although frictional effects in slightly viscous fluid are indeed present, they are confined to a thin layer near the surface of the body, and the rest of the flow can be considered inviscid. (1904, Prandt/)

Properties of Pressure Vertical to the surface and point into it. At any point, pressure is independent of orientation

Chapter3 Integral Relations(积分关系式) for a Control Volume in One-dimensional Steady Flows 3.1 Systems(体系) versus Control Volumes(控制体) System: an arbitrary quantity of mass of fixed identity. Everything external to this system is denoted by the term surroundings, and the system is separated from its surroundings by it's boundaries through which no mass

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Preliminary Remarks When you think about it, almost everything on this planet either is a fluid or moves within or near a fluid. -Frank M. White What is a fluid?

Two different points of view in analyzing problems in mechanics The Eulerian view(欧拉观点) and the Lagrangian view(拉格朗日观点) Flow classification Streamline(流线)Pathline(迹线)& Flowfield (流场)流线方程计算流谱 Surface force(表面力) and body force(质量力,体积力)