The introduction of fluidfoil impellers, as shown in Fig. 9a through 9f, give a wide variety of mixing conditions suitable for high flow and low fluid shear rates. Fluidfoil impellers use the principles developed in airfoil work in wind tunnels for aircraft. Figure 10a shows what is desirable, which is no form separation of the fluid, and maximum lift and drag coefficients, which is what one is trying to achieve with the fluidfoil impellers. Figure 10b shows

Fluid mixing is essential in fermentation processes. Usually the most critical steps in which mixers are used are in the aerobic fermentation process. However, mixers are also used in many auxiliary places in the fermentation process and there are places also for agitation in anaerobic fermentation steps

A common problem for a biochemical engineer is to be handed a microorganism and be told he has six months to design a plant to produce the new fermentation product. Although this seems to be a formidable task, with the proper approach this task can be reduced to a manageable level. There are many ways to approach the problem of optimization and design of a fermentation process

Specific nutritional requirements of microorganisms used in industrial fermentation processes are as complex and varied as the microorganisms in question. Not only are the types of microorganisms diverse (bacteria, molds and yeast, normally), but the species and strains become very specific as to their requirements

When designing a fermenter, one primary consideration is the removal of heat. There is a practical limit to the square feet of cooling surface that can be achieved from a tank jacket and the amount of coils that can be placed inside the tank. The three sources of heat to be removed are from the cooling of media after batch sterilization, from the exothermic fermentation process

2.1 The Microbiological Laboratories Isolation of organisms for new products normally does not occur in laboratories associated with production cultures, however, production (mi￾crobiological) laboratories frequently do mutation and isolation work to produce strains with higher yields, to suppress a by-product, to reduce the formation of a surfactant, to change the physical properties of the broth to facilitate the product recovery

3.0 BIOREACTORS FOR PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURES fly Shinsaku Takayama) 3.1 Background of the Technique-Historical Overview HaberlandtL'] first reported plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures in 1902. He separated plant tissues and attempted to grow them in a simple nutrient medium. He was able to maintain these cells in a culture medium for

Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook microorganisms, mammalian cells, plant cells, and tissue. It is our sincere hope that the reader will find this chapter helpful in determining the best conditions for cultivation and the collection of scale-up data. Hopehlly, this knowledge will, in turn, facilitate the transformation of worthwhle research

一、编写说明 (一)课程简介 本课程是一门涉及乳、肉、蛋等三方面加工内容为一体的教学课程。其主要内容是概述 乳、肉、蛋产品加工原料的标准及理化性质，加工工艺及工艺要点，产品的质量标准，产品 的质量控制因素等。使学生熟悉产品原料的性质，掌握主要产品的加工工艺与技术，了解产 品的质量标准、产品的质量缺陷产生的原因及控制方法等

一、果蔬加工和果蔬加工品 1、果蔬加工：以新鲜的果蔬为原料，经过一定的加工工艺处理，消灭或抑制果蔬中存在的有害微生物，保持或改进果蔬的食用品质，制成不同于新鲜果蔬的产品的过程