第13章 杂环化合物 Heterocyclic Compound
一、杂环化合物的分类和命名 ★分类 5员杂环 单杂环 (6员杂环 杂环化合物〈苯稠杂环 稠杂环
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w单杂环 ·5员杂环 失喃 噻吩 吡咯 furan thiophene pyrrole 噻唑 吡唑 咪唑 thiazole pyrazole imidazole 噁唑 异恶唑 oxazole isoxazole
O 5 1 2 4 3 5 furan S 1 2 4 3 5 1 2 4 3 5 N H thiophene pyrrole N S N N H N N 1 H 2 4 3 5 1 2 4 3 5 1 2 4 3 5 thiazole pyrazole imidazole N O O N oxazole isoxazole
·6员杂环 吡啶 吡喃 密啶 pyridine pyran pyrimidine 必秦 吡嗪 pyridazine pyrazine 稠杂环 IN 8 2 3 喋啶 purine pteridine
6 N N N O N N N N pyridine pyran pyrimidine pyridazine pyrazine 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 N N N N N N N N purine pteridine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 H
苯稠杂环 H 喹啉 异唑啉 引哚 quinoline isoquinoline indole 吖啶 acridine ★命名 CH3 3-甲基-2-溴噻吩 Br (B-甲基-0-溴塞吩)
N N N H N 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 quinoline isoquinoline indole acridine β α S CH3 Br 3- -2- β- -α-