APPENDIXEEXAMPLECALCULATIONSE.1MBWUnitFacedMSEWallwithBrokenBackSlopingFill andLiveE.1-1Load Surcharge,ReinforcedwithGeogrid..E.2Bearing Check for Sloping Toe Conditions, with and without Water.... E.2-1E.3SegmentalPrecastPanelMSEWall withSlopingBackfill Surcharge,E.3-1Reinforced with Steel StripsE.4Segmental Precast Panel MSE Wall with Level Backfill and Live Load.E.4-1Surcharge, Reinforced with Steel Bar Mats.E.5TrueBridgeAbutmentwithSegmentalPrecastPanelMSEWall..E.5-1ReinforcedwithSteelStrips.E.6.E.6-1Traffic Barrier Impact Loading on Top of an MSE WallE.7E.7-1Seismic Loading:..Psuedo-StaticAnalysis.E.8Reinforced Soil Slope Design --Road Widening.E.8-1E.9Reinforced Soil SlopeDesign --High Slope for New Road Construction.E.9-1E.10Reinforced Soil Slope Design -- Facing Stability CalculationE.10-1APPENDIXFOTHERDESIGNPROCEDURESANDANALSISMODELSF.1.F-2ASDProcedureand the Simplified MethodF.2.F-3CoherentGravityMethod..F-5F.3National Concrete Masonry Association ProcedureF.4..F-5GRSF.5.F-7FHWAStructural Stiffness Method.F.6.F-8K-Stiffness MethodF.7F-11DeepPatchFHWA NHI-10-024TableofContentsNovember2009MSEWallsandRSS-VolIxX
APPENDIX E EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS E.1 MBW Unit Faced MSE Wall with Broken Back Sloping Fill and Live Load Surcharge, Reinforced with Geogrid . E.1-1 E.2 Bearing Check for Sloping Toe Conditions, with and without Water . E.2-1 E.3 Segmental Precast Panel MSE Wall with Sloping Backfill Surcharge, Reinforced with Steel Strips .E.3-1 E.4 Segmental Precast Panel MSE Wall with Level Backfill and Live Load Surcharge, Reinforced with Steel Bar Mats.E.4-1 E.5 True Bridge Abutment with Segmental Precast Panel MSE Wall, Reinforced with Steel Strips .E.5-1 E.6 Traffic Barrier Impact Loading on Top of an MSE Wall .E.6-1 E.7 Seismic Loading . . . ., Psuedo-Static Analysis. E.7-1 E.8 Reinforced Soil Slope Design - Road Widening .E.8-1 E.9 Reinforced Soil Slope Design - High Slope for New Road Construction . E.9-1 E.10 Reinforced Soil Slope Design - Facing Stability Calculation .E.10-1 APPENDIX F OTHER DESIGN PROCEDURES AND ANALSIS MODELS F.1 ASD Procedure and the Simplified Method .F-2 F.2 Coherent Gravity Method .F-3 F.3 National Concrete Masonry Association Procedure .F-5 F.4 GRS .F-5 F.5 FHWA Structural Stiffness Method. F-7 F.6 K-Stiffness Method .F-8 F.7 Deep Patch .F-11 FHWA NHI-10-024 Table of Contents MSE Walls and RSS – Vol I xx November 2009
LISTOFTABLES-VolumeIITable 8-1.8-14RSS SlopeFacingOptions (afterCollin, 1996).9-25Table 9-1.EstimatedProjectCosts.11-2Table 11-1.OutlineofMSE/RSSFieldInspectionChecklist....11-5Table 11-2.ChecklistforDrawingReview....Table 11-3....11-7Checklistfor SpecificationCompliance...11-30Table 11-4.Out-of-ToleranceConditionsandPossibleCauses.Table 11-5..11-32ChecklistforConstruction.11-38Table 11-6.PossibleInstrumentsforMonitoringReinforcedSoil Structures.FHWANHI-10-024TableofContentsMSEWallsandRSS-VolIxxiNovember2009
LIST OF TABLES – Volume II Table 8-1. RSS Slope Facing Options (after Collin, 1996). 8-14 Table 9-1. Estimated Project Costs. . 9-25 Table 11-1. Outline of MSE/RSS Field Inspection Checklist. . 11-2 Table 11-2. Checklist for Drawing Review. 11-5 Table 11-3. Checklist for Specification Compliance. . 11-7 Table 11-4. Out-of-Tolerance Conditions and Possible Causes. 11-30 Table 11-5. Checklist for Construction. . 11-32 Table 11-6. Possible Instruments for Monitoring Reinforced Soil Structures. . 11-38 FHWA NHI-10-024 Table of Contents MSE Walls and RSS – Vol I xxi November 2009
FHWANHI-10-024Tableof ContentsMSE Walls and RSS-VolIxxiiNovember2009
FHWA NHI-10-024 Table of Contents MSE Walls and RSS – Vol I xxii November 2009
LISTOFFIGURES-VolumeIIFigure 8-1.Failure modes for reinforced soil slopes including internal failure within thereinforced soil zone,external failure entirelyoutsidethe reinforced soil zone,and compound failure starting behind and passingthrough the reinforced soil8-3zoneFigure 8-2.8-5Modified limit equilibrium analysis for reinforced slope design..8-9Figure 8-3.Externalfailuremodesforreinforcedsoilslopes.Figure 8-4..8-12Constructionofreinforcedsoil slopes.Figure 8-5.Weldedwiremeshdetailfortemporary (duringconstruction)orpermanent8-15face support.Figure 8-6.8-17Componentsofavegetatedreinforcedslope(VRSS)system8-23Figure 8-7.Dickey Lake site.8-25Figure 8-8.Salmon Lost Trail site.Figure 8-9.8-26Cannon Creek project..8-28Figure 8-10.Pennsylvania SR54.Figure 8-11.MassachusettsTurnpikeduringconstruction.immediatelyafterconstruction.8-31and after the second growing season.Figure 8-12.Reinforced soil slope for runway extension at Yeager Airport, Charleston.8-33WestVirginia8-36Figure 8-13.Example of standard RSS design.9-2Figure 9-1.Flow chart of steps for reinforced soil slope design.9-4Figure 9-2.Requirements for design of reinforced soil slopes.Figure 9-3.Critical zone defined by rotational and sliding surface that meet the required.9-6safety factor..Figure 9-4..9-8Rotational shear approach to determine required strength of reinforcement...Figure 9-5.9-10Chartsolutionfordeterminingthereinforcementstrengthrequirements9-11Figure 9-6.Reinforcement spacing considerationsforhigh slopes.Figure 9-7.9-14Developing reinforcement lengths.9-17Figure 9-8.Failure through the foundationFigure 9-9.9-19Seismic stability analysisFigure 9-10.9-20Subsurface drainage considerations..11-12Figure 11-1.Casting yard for precast facing elements.Figure 11-2.Inspect reinforcing elements: top photo shows a variety of reinforcementsincluding metallic strips, welded wire mesh, and geosynthetics and bottom11-14photo shows reinforcement length painted on geogrid reinforcement..Figure 11-3.Leveling pads: a) leveling the concrete, b) completed pad, and c) placing the11-17facing elements on the leveling pad.Figure 11-4..11-18Checking facing element batter and alignment.,11-19Figure 11-5.Full height facingpanels require special alignment care.11-21Figure 11-6.Setting first row of precast facing elements.11-23Figure 11-7.Placement of reinforced fill.Figure 11-8.Compaction equipment showing:a) large equipment permitted away fromface,andb)lightweightequipmentwithin3ft (1m)oftheface.11-24FHWA NHI-10-024Tableof ContentsxxiliMSEWalls andRSS-VolINovember2009
LIST OF FIGURES – Volume II Figure 8-1. Failure modes for reinforced soil slopes including internal failure within the reinforced soil zone, external failure entirely outside the reinforced soil zone, and compound failure starting behind and passing through the reinforced soil zone . 8-3 Figure 8-2. Modified limit equilibrium analysis for reinforced slope design. 8-5 Figure 8-3. External failure modes for reinforced soil slopes. . 8-9 Figure 8-4. Construction of reinforced soil slopes. . 8-12 Figure 8-5. Welded wire mesh detail for temporary (during construction) or permanent face support. 8-15 Figure 8-6. Components of a vegetated reinforced slope (VRSS) system . 8-17 Figure 8-7. Dickey Lake site. . 8-23 Figure 8-8. Salmon Lost Trail site. . 8-25 Figure 8-9. Cannon Creek project. . 8-26 Figure 8-10. Pennsylvania SR54. . 8-28 Figure 8-11. Massachusetts Turnpike during construction, immediately after construction and after the second growing season. . 8-31 Figure 8-12. Reinforced soil slope for runway extension at Yeager Airport, Charleston, West Virginia. 8-33 Figure 8-13. Example of standard RSS design. . 8-36 Figure 9-1. Flow chart of steps for reinforced soil slope design. . 9-2 Figure 9-2. Requirements for design of reinforced soil slopes. 9-4 Figure 9-3. Critical zone defined by rotational and sliding surface that meet the required safety factor. 9-6 Figure 9-4. Rotational shear approach to determine required strength of reinforcement. 9-8 Figure 9-5. Chart solution for determining the reinforcement strength requirements. 9-10 Figure 9-6. Reinforcement spacing considerations for high slopes. 9-11 Figure 9-7. Developing reinforcement lengths. . 9-14 Figure 9-8. Failure through the foundation. 9-17 Figure 9-9. Seismic stability analysis. . 9-19 Figure 9-10. Subsurface drainage considerations. . 9-20 Figure 11-1. Casting yard for precast facing elements. . 11-12 Figure 11-2. Inspect reinforcing elements: top photo shows a variety of reinforcements including metallic strips, welded wire mesh, and geosynthetics and bottom photo shows reinforcement length painted on geogrid reinforcement. 11-14 Figure 11-3. Leveling pads: a) leveling the concrete, b) completed pad, and c) placing the facing elements on the leveling pad. . 11-17 Figure 11-4. Checking facing element batter and alignment. 11-18 Figure 11-5. Full height facing panels require special alignment care. . 11-19 Figure 11-6. Setting first row of precast facing elements. 11-21 Figure 11-7. Placement of reinforced fill. . 11-23 Figure 11-8. Compaction equipment showing: a) large equipment permitted away from face; and b) lightweight equipment within 3 ft (1 m) of the face. . 11-24 FHWA NHI-10-024 Table of Contents MSE Walls and RSS – Vol I xxiii November 2009
11-27Figure 11-9.Facingconnectionexamples..11-29Figure 11-10.Geotextile joint cover and neoprene pads.FHWANHI-10-024TableofContentsNovember2009MSEWallsandRSS-VolIxxiv
Figure 11-9. Facing connection examples . 11-27 Figure 11-10. Geotextile joint cover and neoprene pads. . 11-29 FHWA NHI-10-024 Table of Contents MSE Walls and RSS – Vol I xxiv November 2009