Steel Sheet PilingUssDesign ManualUnitedStatesSteelUpdated and reprinted by U.S.Department of Transportation/FHWA withpermission.July1984
Steel Sheet Piling Design Manual United States Steel Updated and reprinted by U. S. Department of Transportation /FHWA with permission. July 1984
SteelSheet PilingSectionsSectonMomentoDrnv.AreaWeightInertiaModulusBWebPerPerPerThickSectionDistriPerPerFootProfiletancePerSquarePerFootnessIndexRolleperPileofofFootPilePileFootPileWallW2!!of WallIn,In.In.In.In.Lbs.In.In.?Lbs.-5.13.312.943.72.4PSX32H.16%44.032.029/64mwOKd2.92.411.773.6PS32*H.S.1540.032.0V21.9292.8153.5PS28H.S.35.028.03%2.41.910.30a6.04.51637.33.32.510.98H.28.0y2PSA28*P9rK5.54.13.22.48.99H.S.1630.723.03%PSA235'H.S.53.039.8PDA271636.027.03%g14.310.710.59oaR313.7PMA2222.03/g.5.410.5922.4H.S.195%36.08.83%*LT'%12PZ381857.038.03%70.246.816.77421.2280.8H.5PZ322156.0H.32.03%67.038.316.47385.7220.402115'ISSsSR'A1840.527.045.330.211.91276.3PZ27H.3g184.212".3/8PZ 222222.03/34.891.1H.0.39.011.91679%*SectionsPS32 and PSA28ate infre-quentlyrolled andwedo notadvisetheirSuggestedAllowableDesignStresses-SheetPilinguse in adesign unless an adequateton-Minimum YieldAllowable Design Stress,nage can beorderedatonetimeto assureSteel Brand or GradePoint, psipsi*a minimum rolling55.00035,000USS-EX-TEN55(ASTMA572GR55Complete data regarding these sections50,00032.000USS EX-TEN50(ASTMA572GR50)will be found in a separate publication50,00032,000USSMARINERSTEELentitled "USS Steel Sheet Piling?45,00029,000USS EX-TEN 45 (ASTM A572 GR 45)H-Homestead, Pa.(Pittsburgh District)25,00038,500RegularCarbonGrade(ASTMA328)S-South Chicago (Chicago District)*Based on 65% of minimum yield point. Some increase for temporary Overstressesgenerally permissible
Complete data regarding these sections will be found in a separate publication entitled “USS Steel Sheet Piling? H-Homestead, Pa. (Pittsburgh District) S-South Chicago (Chicago District) Sections PS32 and PSA28 ate infrequently rolled and we do not advise their use in a design unless an adequate tonnage can be ordered at one time to assure a minimum rolling. Suggested Allowable Design Stresses-Sheet Piling Steel Brand or Grade Minimum Yield Point, psi Allowable Design Stress, psi* USS-EX-TEN 55 (ASTM A572 GR 55) USS EX-TEN 50 (ASTM A572 GR 50) USS MARINER STEEL USS EX-TEN 45 (ASTM A572 GR 45) Regular Carbon Grade (ASTM A 328) *Based on 65% of minimum yield point. Some increase for temporary Overstresses generally permissible
Steel Sheet PilingUssDesign ManualNotice"The information, including technical and engineering data, figures, tablesdesigns, drawings, details, suggested procedures, and suggested specificationspresented in this publication are for general information only.Whileevery effort has been madeto insure its accuracy,this information should not be usedor relied upon for any specific application without independent competentprofessional examination and verification of its accuracy,suitability andapplicability.Anyonemakinguse of thematerialdoes soathisown riskandassumes anyand all liabilityresultingfromsuchuse.UNITED STATEs STEELCORPORATIONDISCLAIMSANYANDALLEXPRESSORIMPLIEDWARRANTIESOF MERCHANTABILITYFITNESSFOR ANYGENERAL OR PARTICULARPURPOSEOR FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT,TRADEMARK,OR COPY-RIGHT INREGARD TOINFORMATION OR PRODUCTS CONTAINED OR REFERREDTo HEREIN. Nothing herein contained shall be construed as granting a license,expressorimplied,underanypatents.Notice by U.S. DOTThis document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department ofTransportation in the interest of information exchange. The United StatesGovernment assumes no liabilityfor its contents oruse thereof.The contentsof thisreport reflecttheviews of the UsS,whois responsibleforthe accuracyof thedatapresentedherein.Thecontentsdonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficial views or policy of the Department of Transportation. This report does notconstitute a standard, specification, or regulation.The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers.Trade or manufacturers'names appear herein onlybecausetheyareconsid-ered essential totheobjectofthisdocument.Updated and reprinted byFHWAwith permission, July, 1984USSandEX-TENareregisteredtrademarks
Steel Sheet Piling Design Manual Notice “The information, including technical and engineering data, figures, tables, designs, drawings, details, suggested procedures, and suggested specifications, presented in this publication are for general information only. While every effort has been made to insure its accuracy, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without independent competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability and applicability. Anyone making use of the material does so at his own risk and assumes any and all liability resulting from such use. UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR ANY GENERAL OR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR COPYRIGHT IN REGARD TO INFORMATION OR PRODUCTS CONTAINED OR REFERRED TO HEREIN. Nothing herein contained shall be construed as granting a license, express or implied, under any patents.” Notice by U.S. DOT This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The contents of this report reflect the views of the USS, who is responsible for the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the object of this document. Updated and reprinted by FHWA with permission, July, 1984 USS and EX-TEN are registered trademarks
TABLEOFCONTENTSUS Steel Sheet Piling SectionsProfiles and PropertiesInside Front CoverAllowableDesignStressesand Rankine CoefficientsInside Back Cover4FOREWORD5PILEWALLSLATERAL PRESSURES ON SHEET5EarthPressureTheories5Rankine Theory7Coulomb Theory9Log-Spiral Theory12Soil Properties14Surcharge Loads14Uniform Surcharge15Point Loads15Line Loads16Strip Loads17Effects on Unbalanced Hydrostatic and Seepage Forces18OtherLateral Loads18Ice Thrust18Wave Forces18Ship Impact18Mooring Pull18Earthquake Forces19DESIGN OFSHEET PILE RETAININGWALLS19General Considerations19Cantilever Walls20Cantilever Sheet Piling in Granular Soils23Cantilever Sheet Piling in Cohesive Soils26Anchored Walls26General.27Free Earth Support30Rowe'sMoment ReductionTheory33Fixed Earth Support35Graphical Methods37DanishRules39HighSheet Pile Walls40Stabilityof Sheet PileWalls42DESIGN OF ANCHORAGESSYSTEMSFORSHEETPILEWALLS42Tie Rods42Wales
TABLE OF CONTENTS USS Steel Sheet Piling Sections Profiles and Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Front Cover Allowable Design Stresses and Rankine Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Back Cover FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 LATERAL PRESSURES ON SHEET PILE WALLS . . . . . . . . . l . . . . . . 5 Earth Pressure Theories . . 5 Rankine Theory . . 5 Coulomb Theory . . 7 Log-Spiral Theory . . 9 Soil Properties . . 12 Surcharge Loads . . Uniform Surcharge . . Point Loads . . Line Loads . . Strip Loads . . Effects on Unbalanced Hydrostatic and Seepage Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Other Lateral Loads . . 18 Ice Thrust . . 18 Wave Forces . . 18 Ship Impact . . 18 Mooring Pull . . 18 Earthquake Forces . . 18 DESIGN OF SHEET PILE RETAINING WALLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Cantilever Walls . . 19 Cantilever Sheet Piling in Granular Soils . . 20 Cantilever Sheet Piling in Cohesive Soils . . 23 Anchored Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . Free Earth Support . . Rowe’s Moment Reduction Theory . . Fixed Earth Support . . Graphical Methods . . Danish Rules . . High Sheet Pile Walls . . Stability of Sheet Pile Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DESIGN OF ANCHORAGE SYSTEMS FOR SHEET PILE WALLS . . . . . . . . Tie Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 14 15 15 16 26 26 27 30 33 35 37 39 40 42 42 42
44Anchors44Location of Anchorage45Sheet Pile AnchorWalls45DeadmenAnchors47AnchorSlab Design Based on Model Tests47General Case in Granular Soils55AnchorSlab in Cohesive Soils55H-Pile A-Frames55H-Pile Tension Ties56DESIGNOF COFFERDAMSFORDEEPEXCAVATIONS56General57Lateral Pressure Distribution59Sizing of Braced Cofferdam Components59Sheet Piling60Wales60Struts61Raking Braces62Circular Bracing62PrestressedTiebacks63Stability of Braced Cofferdams.63Heaving in Soft Clay64Piping inSand-68CELLULARCOFFERDAMS.68General.68Circular Type.69Diaphragm Type.69Cloverleaf Type.69Modified Types69Components of Cellular Cofferdams70General DesignConcepts72Stability of Cofferdams on Rock72Sliding on Foundation73Slipping Between Sheeting and Cell Fill73ShearFailureonCenterline of Cell75Horizontal Shear (Cummings'Method)76Interlock Tension77Cofferdams on Deep Soil Foundations77General77Stability79Underseepage80Pull-Out ofOuterFace Sheeting80Hansen's Theory.83BIBLIOGRAPHY85DESIGNEXAMPLES
Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Location of Anchorage . . 44 Sheet Pile Anchor Walls . . 45 Deadmen Anchors . . 45 Anchor Slab Design Based on Model Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 General Case in Granular Soils . . 47 Anchor Slab in Cohesive Soils . . 55 H-Pile A-Frames . . 55 H-Pile Tension Ties . . 55 DESIGN OF COFFERDAMS FOR DEEP EXCAVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Lateral Pressure Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Sizing of Braced Cofferdam Components . . 59 Sheet Piling . . 59 Wales . . 60 Struts . . 60 Raking Braces . . 61 Circular Bracing . . 62 Prestressed Tiebacks . . 62 Stability of Braced Cofferdams . . 63 Heaving in Soft Clay . . 63 Piping in Sand . . 64 CELLULAR COFFERDAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Circular Type . . 68 Diaphragm Type . . 69 Cloverleaf Type . . 69 Modified Types . . 69 Components of Cellular Cofferdams . . 69 General Design Concepts . . 70 Stability of Cofferdams on Rock . . 72 Sliding on Foundation . . 72 Slipping Between Sheeting and Cell Fill . . 73 Shear Failure on Centerline of Cell . . 73 Horizontal Shear (Cummings’ Method) . . 75 Interlock Tension . . 76 Stability Cofferdams on Deep Soil Foundations . . 77 General . . 77 Underseepage . . 79 Pull-Out of Outer Face Sheeting . . 80 . . 77 Hansen’s Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 DESIGN EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85