（一）对DNA双螺旋结构模型作出贡献的科学家 1. Oswald Avery (1877-1955) Microbiologist Avery led the team that showed that DNA is the unit of inheritance. One Nobel laureate has called the discovery "the historical platform of modern DNA research", and his work inspired Watson and Crick to seek DNA's structure. —— Nature, 2003
（一）对DNA双螺旋结构模型作出贡献的科学家 1. Oswald Avery (1877-1955) Microbiologist Avery led the team that showed that DNA is the unit of inheritance. One Nobel laureate has called the discovery "the historical platform of modern DNA research", and his work inspired Watson and Crick to seek DNA's structure. —— Nature, 2003
2. Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002) Chargaff discovered the pairing rules of DNA letters, noticing that A matches to T and C to G. He later criticized molecular biology, the discipline he helped invent, as "the practice of biochemistry without a licence", and once described Francis Crick as looking like "a faded racing tout". —— Nature, 2003
2. Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002) Chargaff discovered the pairing rules of DNA letters, noticing that A matches to T and C to G. He later criticized molecular biology, the discipline he helped invent, as "the practice of biochemistry without a licence", and once described Francis Crick as looking like "a faded racing tout". —— Nature, 2003
Chargaff 研究小组的贡献 1950～1953，Chargaff研究小组对DNA的化 学组成进行了分析研究，发现： ① DNA碱基组成有物种差异，且物种亲缘关系 越远，差异越大； ② 相同物种，不同组织器官中DNA碱基组成相 同，而且不因年龄、环境及营养而改变； ③ DNA分子中四种碱基的摩尔百分比具有一定 的规律性，即A=T、G=C、A+G=T+C。这一 规律被称为Chargaff规则
Chargaff 研究小组的贡献 1950～1953，Chargaff研究小组对DNA的化 学组成进行了分析研究，发现： ① DNA碱基组成有物种差异，且物种亲缘关系 越远，差异越大； ② 相同物种，不同组织器官中DNA碱基组成相 同，而且不因年龄、环境及营养而改变； ③ DNA分子中四种碱基的摩尔百分比具有一定 的规律性，即A=T、G=C、A+G=T+C。这一 规律被称为Chargaff规则
3. Linus Pauling (1901-1994) The titan of twentieth-century chemistry. Pauling led the way in working out the structure of big biological molecules, and Watson and Crick saw him as their main competitor. In early 1953, working without the benefit of X-ray pictures, he published a paper suggesting that DNA was a triple helix. —— Nature, 2003
3. Linus Pauling (1901-1994) The titan of twentieth-century chemistry. Pauling led the way in working out the structure of big biological molecules, and Watson and Crick saw him as their main competitor. In early 1953, working without the benefit of X-ray pictures, he published a paper suggesting that DNA was a triple helix. —— Nature, 2003
4. Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958) Franklin, trained as a chemist, was expert in deducing the structure of molecules by firing Xrays through them. Her images of DNA - disclosed without her knowledge - put Watson and Crick on the track towards the right structure. She went on to do pioneering work on the structures of viruses. —— Nature, 2003
4. Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958) Franklin, trained as a chemist, was expert in deducing the structure of molecules by firing Xrays through them. Her images of DNA - disclosed without her knowledge - put Watson and Crick on the track towards the right structure. She went on to do pioneering work on the structures of viruses. —— Nature, 2003