reacts with water:two types of reactions Oxidization reaction:X,+2H,O->4HX+O, F2(vigorous)>C12(slow under light)>Br2(extremely slow) Disproportionation reaction(without base): X2 +H2O-HXO+HX Cl,Br,>I, Ke(C12)=4.2×104K8(Br2)=7.2×109 Ke(L2)=2.0×10-13 We can see that the major constituent of the solution dissolved with Cl2,Br2 and I,is their elemental substance, respectively..氯水，溴水，碘水的主要成分是单质。 Presence of a base can promote dissolution and dispropor- tionation reaction在碱存在下，促进Xz在H,0中的溶解、歧化
X2 2H2 O 4HXO2 Disproportionation reaction(without base)： 2 2 2 Cl Br I We can see that the major constituent of the solution dissolved with Cl2 , Br2 and I2 is their elemental substance, respectively.氯水, 溴水, 碘水的主要成分是单质。 Presence of a base can promote dissolution and disproportionation reaction 在碱存在下，促进X2在H2O中的溶解、歧化。 • reacts with water：two types of reactions Oxidization reaction： 4 (Cl2 ) 4.2 10- K 9 (Br2 ) 7.2 10- K 1 3 (I2 ) 2.0 10- K X2 H2 O HXO HX F2 (vigorous) > Cl2 (slow under light) > Br2 (extremely slow) I2
Products of disproportionation reaction of Br2 under basic condition X2+20H→X+X0+H0 3X0→2X+X03 3X2+60H→5X+X03+3H20 0.7665 0.5357 0.4556 1.0774 BrO. BrO B Br 0.5196
Products of disproportionation reaction of Br2 under basic condition - - - - 3X 6OH- 5X XO 3H O X 2OH X XO H O 2 3 2 2 2 _ 3XO- 2X- + XO3 -
X2+2OH→X+XO+HO 3X2+60H→5X+X03+3H20 room low heated temperature temperature Cl2 C103 CIO CIO PH>4 Br2 BrO; BrO; BrO(O°C)PH>6 12 I03 I0 I03 PH>9 Elemental potential diagram for I2
room temperature heated low temperature I PH 9 2 - 3 IO - 3 IO - 3 IO Br PH 6 2 - BrO3 - BrO3 BrO (0 C) - O Cl2 ClO PH 4 3 - - ClO ClOElemental potential diagram for I2 ? - 3X2 6OH- 5X XO3 3H2O _ - - - X2 2OH X XO H2O
3.The preparation of the elemental substances F2(g)electrolysis The formal reaction: :2KHF2电)2KF+H,+F HF The real reaction 2HFsF Cl2(g)Industry method (electrolysis): 2NaC1+2H,0电解>H2+CL,+2NaOH √Laboratory method: MnO,+4HCI-A >MnCl2+Cl2 (g)+2H2O (concentrated)
•Cl2 (g) 2NaCl 2H O H2 Cl2 2NaOH 电解 2 Laboratory method： MnO2 4HCl MnCl 2 Cl2 (g) 2H2 O Industry method (electrolysis)： 3. The preparation of the elemental substances ： (concentrated) •F2 (g) electrolysis： 2 2 电解 2KHF 2 2KF H F + HF The real reaction 2HF F2 + H2 The formal reaction: electrolysis
氧化电位水是绿色消毒剂 来源于水回归于水 软化的自来水加入 0.05%的氯化钠通过电 解在阳极侧生成氯气， 氯气与水反应生成盐 酸和次氯酸等物质。 另外，水也在阳极侧 酸性水 碱性水 电解，变成氧气和氢 离子，使阳极产生的 液体pH下降到3以下， 氧化还原电位上升到 水 ,0 阴极 水 阳极 1100mV以上，有效氯 浓度达到30~80mg/L NaCl 隔膜 NaCl
氧化电位水是绿色消毒剂 来源于水 回归于水 V ` 酸性水 碱性水 隔膜 水 水 NaCl NaCl Na ＋ 阳极 阴极 H2O OHH+ ClCl2 H2O H+ O2 + - 软化的自来水加入 0.05%的氯化钠通过电 解在阳极侧生成氯气， 氯气与水反应生成盐 酸和次氯酸等物质。 另外，水也在阳极侧 电解，变成氧气和氢 离子，使阳极产生的 液体pH下降到3以下， 氧化还原电位上升到 1100mV以上，有效氯 浓度达到30~80mg/L