Centrifugation: Continuous centrifugation N
Centrifugation: Continuous centrifugation
Disc-Centrifuges (1 Solids-retaining Nozzle with pressurized Nozzle with peripheral centrifuge discharge of concentrate nozzles Periodically Periodically solids-ejecting sollds-ejecting centrifuge with centrifuge axial channe Is
Disc-Centrifuges Solids-retaining centrifuge Nozzle with pressurized discharge of concentrate Nozzle with peripheral nozzles Periodically solids-ejecting centrifuge Periodically solids-ejecting centrifuge with axial channels
Product Packaging Techniques Steril Packaging Techniques for Medical Applications and Food preservation Pyrogen Free and steril Packaging for Injection Purpose Freeze Dry Packaging for Foods or Medicines Dewatered Packaging(such as Dry Yeast) Normal Food Packaging(such as Na-glutamate) Salty Packaging Preservation Chemicals Ordinary Packaging
Product Packaging Techniques • Steril Packaging Techniques for Medical Applications and Food Preservation • Pyrogen Free and Steril Packaging for Injection Purpose • Freeze Dry Packaging for Foods or Medicines • Dewatered Packaging (such as Dry Yeast) • Normal Food Packaging (such as Na-glutamate) • Salty Packaging • Preservation Chemicals • Ordinary Packaging
Other Commercial Consideration Strengths and weaknesses of biotechnological processes Strengths eaknesses Reliance on renewable Feedstocks are oxidized and feedstocks unsuitable for many applications Versatility with different Feedstock costs fluctuate feedstocks Sterilization is a major cost Food, feed and drug Product often in dilute aqueous applications solutions Fine chemicals to bulk Product recovery costly chemical applications Equipment costs high Low temperature Reactions slow leading to poor Operation in aqueous media volumetric productivity Several reactions achieved in Complicated reaction conditions a single fermentation step Mainly batch operation High level of automation High cell(catalyst) regeneration Stereospecificity costs Complex molecules High BOD wastes converted and/or produced Benign effluents produced
Other Commercial Consideration Strengths and weaknesses of biotechnological processes • Strengths – Reliance on renewable feedstocks – Versatility with different feedstocks – Food, feed and drug applications – Fine chemicals to bulk chemical applications – Low temperature – Operation in aqueous media – Several reactions achieved in a single fermentation step – High level of automation – Stereospecificity – Complex molecules converted and/or produced – “Benign” effluents produced • Weaknesses – Feedstocks are oxidized and unsuitable for many applications – Feedstock costs fluctuate – Sterilization is a major cost – Product often in dilute aqueous solutions – Product recovery costly – Equipment costs high – Reactions slow leading to poor volumetric productivity – Complicated reaction conditions – Mainly batch operation – High cell (catalyst) regeneration costs – High BOD wastes
Other Commercial Consideration Cost evaluation Outline of total capital investment Fixed capl Direct costs (Land, site development, buildings processing, services Indirect costs (Engineering, construction Contingency, Fees Start-up costs Working capital Inventory, accounts receivable, account payable
Other Commercial Consideration Cost Evaluation • Outline of total capital investment • Fixed capital – Direct costs (Land, site development, buildings, processing, services) – Indirect costs (Engineering, construction, Contingency, Fees) – Start-up costs • Working capital – Inventory, accounts receivable, account payable