Arrangement of DNA in Prokaryotes Vertebrates Algae uno Free-living prokaryotes Obigately parasitic Bacteria Chloroplasts Mitochondria Viruses 15x100101102103104105105107108105 Genome size(kilobase pairs of DNA per organism)
Arrangement of DNA in Prokaryotes
DNA SU upercoilin g To package the A into the cell requires that the dna be supercoiled Proteins There are over 50 supercoiled domain domains in the Open ciro E. coli chromosome they are stabilized by association with the Supercoil structural proteins
DNA Supercoiling To package the DNA into the cell requires that the DNA be supercoiled. There are over 50 supercoiled domains in the E. coli chromosome, they are stabilized by association with the structural proteins
The Nucleus The nucleus is both a storehouse and a processing factory for genetic information The process of protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm
The Nucleus The nucleus is both a storehouse and a processing factory for genetic information. The process of protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm
Chromosomes and DNA Double-stranded DNA Histones are spaced along the DNA double helix at regular intervals the dna itself b g Histone H1 Nucleosome wound around each histone molecule. The packing forms a discrete structure called a nucleosome Nucleosomes aggregate and form a fibrous material called chromatin. Chromatin itself can be compacted by folding and looping to Core histones eventually form an intact oN chromosome
Chromosomes and DNA Histones are spaced along the DNA double helix at regular intervals, the DNA itself being wound around each histone molecule. The packing forms a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Nucleosomes aggregate and form a fibrous material called chromatin. Chromatin itself can be compacted by folding and looping to eventually form an intact chromosome
Mitosis(有丝分裂 During cell division. the nucleus 装3 divides following a doubling of the chromosome number. a process called mitosis, yielding two cells. each with a full complement of chromosome Metaphase: chromosomes are paired in the center of the cell 需 Anaphase: chromosomes are separating
Mitosis (有丝分裂) • During cell division, the nucleus divides following a doubling of the chromosome number, a process called mitosis, yielding two cells, each with a full complement of chromosome. • Metaphase: chromosomes are paired in the center of the cell. • Anaphase: chromosomes are separating