Chapter2 Culture, Language and Translation(有参考资料) There exists an intimate relationship between culture, language and translation. How to treat their relationship properly is of great importance to translators L The Implication (eX) of Culture(see student,'s book P20-24) IL. The Classification of Culture (see student's book P 20-24) II. The Relationship between Culture, Language and Translation In fact, language plays a vital role in culture. Without language, culture would not be possible Nida has pointed out Culture is certainly a significant part of our lives. Language is not only a distinctive feature of culture, it also distinguishes humans from animals and it is an absolutely indispensable means of transmitting culture from one generation to the next On the other hand, as a peculiar tool for human communication, every language is a part of culture. (See students' book P. 22) The relationship between language and culture is dialectical Fi lE B. The role of language ithin culture and the influence of the culture on the meanings of words and idioms are so pervasive [pe veisiv] H ie A'] that scarcely any text can be adequately understood without a careful study of its culture background. Juri Lotman, the former Soviet semiotician, declares Irm no language can exist unless it is steeped in the context of culture, and no culture can exist which does not have at its center, the structure of natural languages In this sense, learning a language is learning the culture of the country where the language is The intimate relationship between language and culture leads naturally to that between culture and translation. Translation is representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. It's a bilingual art because two different languages are involved in this activity. As is stressed above, language and culture are closely connected and understanding one requires understanding the other, translating as to be regarded as an intercultural activity as well. After all, the translator must analyze the sl within certain cultural contexts carefully so as to use ppropriate words in appropriate order to represent in the target culture the object or process the original writer Indeed, translation is a very important medium for culture exchange between people using different languages Translation, a bilingual art, seemingly a mere interlingual transformation, is in nature an intercultural activity in its works of comparing, introducing and absorbing Assignment: Write a passage on the topic"The Relationship among Language, Culture and Translation"on 11
11 Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 2 Culture, Culture, Culture, Culture, Language Language Language Language and Translation( Translation( Translation( Translation(有参考资料) There exists an intimate relationship between culture, language and translation. How to treat their relationship properly is of great importance to translators. I. The Implication Implication Implication Implication（含义） of Culture Culture Culture Culture（see student student student student’s book P.20-24 P.20-24 P.20-24 P.20-24） II. The Classification Classification Classification Classification of Culture Culture Culture Culture（see student student student student’s book P.20-24 P.20-24 P.20-24 P.20-24） III. The Relationship Relationship Relationship Relationship between between between between Culture, Culture, Culture, Culture, Language Language Language Language and Translation Translation Translation Translation In fact, language plays a vital role in culture. Without language, culture would not be possible. Nida has pointed out, … Culture is certainly a significant part of our lives. Language is not only a distinctive feature of culture, it also distinguishes humans from animals and it is an absolutely indispensable means of transmitting culture from one generation to the next. On the other hand, as a peculiar tool for human communication, every language is a part of culture. (See students’ book P.22) The relationship between language and culture is dialectical 辩证的. The role of language within culture and the influence of the culture on the meanings of words and idioms are so pervasive [pə:'veisiv] 普 遍 的 that scarcely any text can be adequately understood without a careful study of its culture background. Juri Lotman, the former Soviet semiotician, declares firmly that … no language can exist unless it is steeped in the context of culture; and no culture can exist which does not have at its center, the structure of natural languages. In this sense, learning a language is learning the culture of the country where the language is spoken. The intimate relationship between language and culture leads naturally to that between culture and translation. Translation is representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. It’s a bilingual art because two different languages are involved in this activity. As is stressed above, language and culture are closely connected and understanding one requires understanding the other, translating as to be regarded as an intercultural activity as well. After all, the translator must analyze the SL within certain cultural contexts carefully so as to use appropriate words in appropriate order to represent in the target culture the object or process the original writer describes. Indeed, translation is a very important medium for culture exchange between people using different languages. Translation, a bilingual art, seemingly a mere interlingual transformation, is in nature an intercultural activity in its works of comparing, introducing and absorbing. Assignment: Assignment: Assignment: Assignment: Write a passage passage passage passage on the topic “The Relationship Relationship Relationship Relationship among Language, Language, Language, Language, Culture Culture Culture Culture and Translation Translation Translation Translation” on
延安大学外国语学院教师教案(首页) 主讲教师 李艳 职称 教授 课程性质|翻泽理论与安践(汉译英)课程是英语教育专业学生的一门 专业技能必修课,开设在第六学期,为学位课程 教学目的通过对比研究不同民族思维方式的异同,使学生能够减少和 消除跨文化交际障碍。 授课内容 第三章中英思维方式对比 教学重点中国人重整体、偏重综合思维,英美人重个体、偏重分析思 维 教学难点 中国人重直觉,英美人重实证 课时分配 三学时 教学方法 讲练结合,师生互动 教学手段 常规教学 思考题目 课本P32练习二 作业与辅导 (内容、时间) 课本P.32练习 ①《汉英翻译教程》陈宏薇,上海外语教育出版社,2004 ②《简明翻译教程》陈昭伟,国防工业出版社,2006 参考文献③《汉英翻译教程》朱徽,重庆大学出版社,2004 ④《汉英翻译教程》吕瑞昌等,陕西人民出版社,1983
12 about 300 words. 延安大学外国语学院教师教案（首页） 主讲教师 李 艳 职 称 教 授 课程性质 翻译理论与实践（汉译英）课程是英语教育专业学生的一门 专业技能必修课，开设在第六学期，为学位课程。 教学目的 通过对比研究不同民族思维方式的异同，使学生能够减少和 消除跨文化交际障碍。 授课内容 第三章 中英思维方式对比 教学重点 中国人重整体、偏重综合思维，英美人重个体、偏重分析思 维。 教学难点 中国人重直觉，英美人重实证。 课时分配 三学时 教学方法 讲练结合，师生互动 教学手段 常规教学 思考题目 课本 P.32 练习二 作业与辅导 （内容、时间） 课本 P.32 练习二 参考文献 ①《汉英翻译教程》陈宏薇，上海外语教育出版社，2004 ②《简明翻译教程》陈昭伟，国防工业出版社，2006 ③《汉英翻译教程》朱徽，重庆大学出版社，2004 ④《汉英翻译教程》吕瑞昌等， 陕西人民出版社，1983
Chapter 3 A Contrastive Study of Differences in Thought Patterns Between English and chinese From the angle of translatology traensla'tolod3i] 1, translation includes thought level semantic level and aesthetic level. But thought level is the basis and precondition upon which the ther levels are built. So in this chapter we shall trace back cultural backgrounds contributing to differences in thought patterns between English and Chinese I Synthetic thought VS. Analytic [aena'litik Thought Synthetic thought inclines to( 1f] F)combine separate parts of an object or idea into a unity and integrate" IntigreIt]整合,使,成整体 its qualities, relations and the like. While analytic thought inclines to disintegrate a unity into small parts or separate its qualities, relations and the ike Both synthetic thought and analytic thought are basic forms of human thought. They are associated with each other. There is no nation in the world that only has synthetic thought or analytic one. It is due to the influence of traditional culture that Chinese people are well developed in synthesis and English-speaking people are well developed in analysis. (See students book P27) IL. Intuition S. Evidence 1. Intuition Chinese recognize the world from the point of view of entirety instead of ctical analysis. They tend to perceive it from intuition [.intju(yi∫。n]直觉 Among traditional ancient Chinese religions, Confucianism, Taoism and Chinese Buddhism, regardless of their dissimilation(异化), all suggests understanding the objects by insightful有深刻见解的,富有 洞察力的 Intuition. Chinese signify(表示) an emphasis on direct experiences, and tend to stick to empiricism em pirisizam]經驗主義 in theory. Therefore they achieve intuiti comprehension and insight, which is very difficult to explain in words, only to be sensed by the mind and does not allow people to understand an object very clearly. For example in Chines traditional religions, concepts like“天”“道”“气”“理” are quite ambiguous and unclear. 2. Evidence(See student's book P. 29) Ill. Image Thought and abstract Thought (Figurative Thinking VS Logical Thinking) Image thought is a psychological process in which human beings analyze, synthesi (I'sineisaiz ]v. A l)and remake memory presentations in brain so as to form new ones. It is a special form of thought, namely, imagination. For example once we think of an acquaintance, h or her look would appear at once at our brains. Abstract Thought also called logical thought, is a mental process in which concept is used for judging and inferring 13
13 Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 3 A Contrastive Contrastive Contrastive Contrastive Study of Differences Differences Differences Differences in Thought Thought Thought Thought Patterns Patterns Patterns Patterns Between Between Between Between English English English English and Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese From the angle of translatology [.trænslə'tɔlədʒi]翻译学 , translation includes thought level, semantic level and aesthetic level. But thought level is the basis and precondition upon which the other levels are built. So in this chapter we shall trace back cultural backgrounds contributing to differences in thought patterns between English and Chinese. I. Synthetic Synthetic Synthetic Synthetic thought thought thought thought VS. Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic [.ænə'litik] Thought Thought Thought Thought Synthetic thought inclines to（傾向于）combine separate parts of an object or idea into a unity, and integrate [ 'intigreit ] 整合,使...成整体 its qualities, relations and the like. While analytic thought inclines to disintegrate a unity into small parts or separate its qualities, relations and the like. Both synthetic thought and analytic thought are basic forms of human thought. They are associated with each other. There is no nation in the world that only has synthetic thought or analytic one. It is due to the influence of traditional culture that Chinese people are well developed in synthesis and English-speaking people are well developed in analysis. (See student’s book P.27) II. Intuition Intuition Intuition Intuition VS. Evidence Evidence Evidence Evidence 1. Intuition Intuition Intuition Intuition Chinese recognize the world from the point of view of entirety instead of practical analysis. They tend to perceive it from intuition [.intju(:)'iʃən ] 直觉. Among traditional ancient Chinese religions, Confucianism, Taoism and Chinese Buddhism, regardless of their dissimilation（异化）, all suggests understanding the objects by insightful 有深刻见解的, 富有 洞察力的 intuition. Chinese signify（表示） an emphasis on direct experiences, and tend to stick to empiricism [ em'pirisizəm ] 經 驗 主 義 in theory. Therefore they achieve intuitive comprehension and insight, which is very difficult to explain in words, only to be sensed by the mind and does not allow people to understand an object very clearly. For example in Chinese traditional religions, concepts like “天” “道” “气” “理” are quite ambiguous and unclear. 2. Evidence Evidence Evidence Evidence (See student’s book P.29) III. Image Thought Thought Thought Thought and Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Thought Thought Thought Thought (Figurative (Figurative (Figurative (Figurative Thinking Thinking Thinking Thinking VS. Logical Logical Logical Logical Thinking) Thinking) Thinking) Thinking) Image thought thought thought thought is a psychological process in which human beings analyze, synthesize ([ 'sinθisaiz ] v. 合成) and remake memory presentations in brain so as to form new ones. It is a special form of thought, namely, imagination. For example once we think of an acquaintance, his or her look would appear at once at our brains. Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Thought Thought Thought Thought also called logical thought, is a mental process in which concept is used for judging and inferring
Image thought and abstract thought are two forms of thought activities. Generally speaking, Chinese people are well developed in image thought, while English people are well developed in abstract thought. Chinese characters are featured by pictography象形文字的使用, associative compounds etc. For example,“人” symbolizes a person standing straight, and four dots in“雨 represents rain drops. Compared with Chinese characters, the basis of the English is abstract letters, which have great influence on the westerners"thought patterns. As a result of"the different thought patterns concrete nouns instead of abstract ones are usually used in Chinese, while in English, abstract nouns are widely used. Examples are as follows 1) The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent 花园里面是人间乐园,有的是吃不完的大米白面,穿不完的绫罗绸缎和花不完的金银财 2) Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall 他的冷漠态度把所有参观者当在展览馆门外。 In english abstract nouns are used while in Chinese concrete nouns are used because of different thought patterns. ( See students book P. 30) IV. Ethics VS. Cognition(See students book P 25) Translation Exercises 乞丐和富人 我把钱放在一个乞丐的钵子里的时候,有个好心人走过来对我说:“台北有百分之九十 九的乞丐都是假的,你当心他拿你的钱去花天酒地。” 我说:“只要做了乞丐就没有假的,因为他伸手要钱的时候,心情就是乞丐了。心情是 乞丐的人,即使他四肢完好,孔武有力,家财万贯,也仍然是个乞丐,更值得同情值得施舍。” 同样的,一个穷人只要有富有的心情,他就是一个富人了。 Beggars and the rich A man seeing me put money into the bowl of a beggar, came up and warned me with the best of intentions: Beware of beggars in Taipei. Ninety-nine percent of them are cheats. They will spend your money on alcohol and fancy women. Beggars cant be cheats, I answered. " As soon as a man holds out his hand for money, he has spiritually identified himself with a beggar. An able-bodied or even a wealthy man who voluntarily identifies himself with the beggar is actually a beggar and thus all the more deserves pity and charity Conversely, a poor man who has a resourceful mind is actually a rich man 14
14 Image thought and abstract thought are two forms of thought activities. Generally speaking, Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese people are well developed developed developed developed in image thought, thought, thought, thought, while English English English English people are well developed developed developed developed in abstract abstract abstract abstract thought thought thought thought. Chinese characters are featured by pictography 象形文字的使用, associative compounds etc.. For example, “人”symbolizes a person standing straight, and four dots in “雨” represents rain drops. Compared with Chinese characters, the basis of the English is abstract letters, which have great influence on the westerners’’ thought patterns. As a result of “the different thought patterns concrete concrete concrete concrete nouns instead of abstract ones are usually used in Chinese, while in English, abstract abstract abstract abstract nouns are widely used”. Examples are as follows: 1) The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent. 花园里面是人间乐园，有的是吃不完的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎和花不完的金银财 宝。 2）Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall. 他的冷漠态度把所有参观者当在展览馆门外。 In English abstract nouns are used while in Chinese concrete nouns are used because of different thought patterns. (See student’s book P.30) IV. Ethics VS. Cognition Cognition Cognition Cognition (See student’s book P.25) Translation Translation Translation Translation Exercises Exercises Exercises Exercises 乞丐和富人 我把钱放在一个乞丐的钵子里的时候，有个好心人走过来对我说：“台北有百分之九十 九的乞丐都是假的，你当心他拿你的钱去花天酒地。” 我说：“只要做了乞丐就没有假的，因为他伸手要钱的时候，心情就是乞丐了。心情是 乞丐的人，即使他四肢完好，孔武有力，家财万贯，也仍然是个乞丐，更值得同情值得施舍。” 同样的，一个穷人只要有富有的心情，他就是一个富人了。 Beggars and the rich A man seeing me put money into the bowl of a beggar, came up and warned me with the best of intentions: “Beware of beggars in Taipei. Ninety-nine percent of them are cheats. They will spend your money on alcohol and fancy women.” “Beggars can’t be cheats,” I answered. “As soon as a man holds out his hand for money, he has spiritually identified himself with a beggar. An able-bodied or even a wealthy man who voluntarily identifies himself with the beggar is actually a beggar and thus all the more deserves pity and charity.” Conversely, a poor man who has a resourceful mind is actually a rich man
延安大学外国语学院教师教案(首页) 主讲教师 李艳 职称 教授 课程性质翻译理论与实践(汉译英)课程是英语教育专业学生的一门 专业技能必修课,开设在第六学期,为学位课程 教学目的通过对汉英对比研究,了解两种语言在文字、词语、语法以 及文化方面的差异。 授课内容 第四章汉英对比研究 教学重点 汉英词语对比 教学难点 汉英词语对比 课时分配 四学时 教学方法 讲练结合,师生互动 教学手段 常规教学 思考题目 课本P67练习三 作业与辅导 (内容、时间) 课本P67练习三 ①《汉英翻译教程》陈宏薇,上海外语教育出版社,2004 ②《简明翻译教程》陈昭伟,国防工业出版社,2006 参考文献③《汉英翻译教程》朱徽,重庆大学出版社,2004 ④《汉英翻译教程》吕瑞昌等,陕西人民出版社,1983
15 延安大学外国语学院教师教案（首页） 主讲教师 李 艳 职 称 教 授 课程性质 翻译理论与实践（汉译英）课程是英语教育专业学生的一门 专业技能必修课，开设在第六学期，为学位课程。 教学目的 通过对汉英对比研究，了解两种语言在文字、词语、语法以 及文化方面的差异。 授课内容 第四章 汉英对比研究 教学重点 汉英词语对比 教学难点 汉英词语对比 课时分配 四学时 教学方法 讲练结合，师生互动 教学手段 常规教学 思考题目 课本 P.67 练习三 作业与辅导 （内容、时间） 课本 P.67 练习三 参考文献 ①《汉英翻译教程》陈宏薇，上海外语教育出版社，2004 ②《简明翻译教程》陈昭伟，国防工业出版社，2006 ③《汉英翻译教程》朱徽，重庆大学出版社，2004 ④《汉英翻译教程》吕瑞昌等， 陕西人民出版社，1983