【本讲课程的引入】尽管英汉都有类似的同义词和反义词，但并非完全对应，因此，翻译时需动脑筋。【本讲课程的内容】1.讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业II.第六章第二节同义词与反义词的英译处理02英2班牛转用e-mail给老师发的作I．讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业，仅以一个学生的作业LearntoDiscoverHave you ever seen birds flythrough the airleaving a line of beautifultrace?Haveyou ever heardthe evening wind sings softlyand smoothly when thetwilight shines all over the champaign?Atthe dead of night, as long as you raise your head, starlight and moonlight can light up yourlong-cherished dream; In the trudge, if only you bend over, a murmuring stream can wash off thedust which covered on your heart with each passing day.No try to discover, in your life, one daywill copy from another, thus you will be weary of it and feel exhausted; No try to discover, everyday, sunrise and sunset as well as flowers'blooming and fading will be no more than an invariantreciprocation, thereby you just bury it untimely with a common heart.教师的修改LearntoDiscoverHave you ever seen birds flying over (not “through") the sky("air") leaving beautiful traces (not“"a line of beautiful trace")? Have you ever heard the evening breeze (not“wind") singing (not"sings")softly and sweetly (not“smoothly")when the twilightglows(better than“shines")allover the champaign? In (not“"At")the dead of night, as long as you raise your head, starlightand moonlight can light up your long-cherished dream; (In the) While trudging, if (only) youbend overtofeel thewater,amurmuring streamcan wash off thedust whichcovers(ed) (on)your heart with each passing day. Without (No) trying to discover, (in) your life (, one day) willremain the same (copy from another) day after day,thus you will sicken of (be weary of) it andfeel exhausted; Without (No) trying to discover, (every day), the sunrise and the sunset every day11田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 11 【本讲课程的引入】尽管英汉都有类似的同义词和反义词，但并非完全对应，因此，翻译 时需动脑筋。 【本讲课程的内容】 I. 讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业 II．第六章 第二节 同义词与反义词的英译处理 I． 讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业，仅以一个学生的作业为例： Learn to Discover Have you ever seen birds fly through the air leaving a line of beautiful trace? Have you ever heard the evening wind sings softly and smoothly when the twilight shines all over the champaign? At the dead of night, as long as you raise your head, starlight and moonlight can light up your long-cherished dream; In the trudge, if only you bend over, a murmuring stream can wash off the dust which covered on your heart with each passing day. No try to discover, in your life, one day will copy from another, thus you will be weary of it and feel exhausted; No try to discover, every day, sunrise and sunset as well as flowers’ blooming and fading will be no more than an invariant reciprocation, thereby you just bury it untimely with a common heart. Learn to Discover Have you ever seen birds flying over (not “through”) the sky (“air”) leaving beautiful traces (not “a line of beautiful trace”)? Have you ever heard the evening breeze (not “wind”) singing (not “sings”) softly and sweetly (not “smoothly”) when the twilight glows (better than “shines”) all over the champaign? In (not “At”) the dead of night, as long as you raise your head, starlight and moonlight can light up your long-cherished dream; (In the) While trudging, if (only) you bend over to feel the water , a murmuring stream can wash off the dust which covers(ed) (on) your heart with each passing day. Without (No) trying to discover, (in) your life (, one day) will remain the same (copy from another) day after day, thus you will sicken of (be weary of) it and feel exhausted; Without (No) trying to discover, (every day), the sunrise and the sunset every day 02 英 2 班 牛转用 e-mail 给老师发的作 业 教师的 修改
aswell asflowers"bloom(not“blooming")andfadingwillbenomorethananinvariant repetition (not"reciprocation"),thereby you will bury your heart in themediocrity (willburyy just bury ituntimelywith a common heart)参考译文DiscoveryHave you ever noticed the beautiful trails left by the birds flying across the sky? Haveyou ever heard the song of the evening wind floating gently in the air just as duskenshrouds the field?If you look up at night, isn't your sweet dream brightened bythe starlight and the moonbeam ? During your life's long trek, as you stoop down (tofeel the crystal clear water),don't you find that the murmuring stream cleanses youldust covered heart?If you do not know how to discover these things in life, your routine will be repeatedday after day, month after month year after year... the joys of life lost in the mundane;your heart becomes buried in the mediocre...the sun rising and setting everyday...the flowers blossoming and withering every year...and you wonder at the endof it all "just where did the time go?"II.第二节同义词与反义词的英译处理（TranslationofSynonymsandAntonyms）一、同义词的处理实际上，一串同义词在意义、用法、感情色彩、文体意义、搭配习惯方面，并不尽相同。因此，建议英译时考虑以下几点：1.仔细辨析词义在一种语言中，几个词表示同一事件、动作或概念的现象是很普遍的，这是因为同一事件、动作或概念也有好多具体的情况。因此，要准确无误地翻译，首先应进行同义词辨析。例如：同是描述“哭”的动作，却因方式不同而有“硬咽”“饮泣”“痛哭”，“喙陶大哭”等，英语中也有sob,weep，cry,wail等同义词。翻译时，应在弄清原文的基础上，选用最贴近的对等词。一般说来，“鸣咽”“硬咽”“抽泣”与sob对应，“饮泣”“流泪”、weep对应，“痛哭”与cry对应，“喙陶大哭”与wail对应。（1）健康的、有益健康的、卫生的英语中有healthy，healthful，wholesome三词。其中，healthy主要指健康状况，healthful指有益健康的，wholesome则主要指食物等卫生可口。1）幼儿园的孩子们看上去健康活泼。The children in the kindergarten look healthy and lively2）学校食堂做的饭菜卫生可口，我很爱吃。Ilike the wholesomefood prepared by the canteen on our campus3）医院为病人提供有助于健康的食物。The patients are provided with a very healthful diet in the hospital12田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 12 as well as flowers’ bloom (not “blooming”) and fading will be no more than an invariant repetition (not “reciprocation”), thereby you will bury your heart in the mediocrity (will bury just bury it untimely with a common heart). Discovery Have you ever noticed the beautiful trails left by the birds flying across the sky? Have you ever heard the song of the evening wind floating gently in the air just as dusk enshrouds the field? If you look up at night, isn't your sweet dream brightened by the starlight and the moonbeam ? During your life's long trek，as you stoop down (to feel the crystal clear water), don't you find that the murmuring stream cleanses your dust covered heart ? If you do not know how to discover these things in life, your routine will be repeated day after day, month after month, year after year. the joys of life lost in the mundane; your heart becomes buried in the mediocre . the sun rising and setting every day.the flowers blossoming and withering every year.and you wonder at the end of it all "just where did the time go?" II． 第二节 同义词与反义词的英译处理 （Translation of Synonyms and Antonyms） 一、同义词的处理 实际上，一串同义词在意义、用法、感情色彩、文体意义、搭配习惯方面，并不 尽相同。因此，建议英译时考虑以下几点： 1．仔细辨析词义 在一种语言中，几个词表示同一事件、动作或概念的现象是很普遍的，这是因为 同一事件、动作或概念也有好多具体的情况。因此，要准确无误地翻译，首先应 进行同义词辨析。 例如：同是描述“哭”的动作，却因方式不同而有“哽咽”“饮泣”“痛哭”，“嚎 啕大哭”等，英语中也有 sob, weep, cry, wail 等同义词。翻译时，应在弄清原文的 基础上，选用最贴近的对等词。一般说来，“呜咽”“哽咽”“抽泣”与 sob 对应， “饮泣”“流泪”、weep 对应，“痛哭”与 cry 对应，“嚎啕大哭”与 wail 对应。 （1）健康的、有益健康的、卫生的 英语中有 healthy, healthful, wholesome 三词。其中，healthy 主要指健康状况， healthful 指有益健康的, wholesome 则主要指食物等卫生可口。 1）幼儿园的孩子们看上去健康活泼。 The children in the kindergarten look healthy and lively. 2）学校食堂做的饭菜卫生可口，我很爱吃。 I like the wholesome food prepared by the canteen on our campus. 3）医院为病人提供有助于健康的食物。 The patients are provided with a very healthful diet in the hospital. 参考译 文
（2）引导、领导、指导英语中，lead,guide,conduct,direct等词具有此义。其中，lead指走在前引路，也可表示“领导”，“指挥”；，guide除表“充当向导”外，也指给予行动上、思想上的指导；conduct主要言语引客入座、引导参观：direct意义较抽象，指依照权利指导、管理政务、厂务或事物等。试译下列句子：1）司令员亲自率领军队作战。2）这本书会指导你更好地掌握写作技巧。3）参观的人们被引导到工厂各处参观。4）组建了一个专门委员会来领导这次运动。5）司令员亲自率领军队作战。Thecommanderhimself ledthearmyintobattle6）这本书会指导你更好地掌握写作技巧。This book will guide you towards a better mastery of the art of writing7）参观的人们被引导到工厂各处参观。The visitors were conducted over the factory.8）组建了一个专门委员会来领导这次运动。A special committee has been formed to direct thecampaign.2.注意感情色彩的差异有些词虽然词义相近，但使用者的态度可能有所不同，反映时也应区别对待。例如：（1）妒忌、羡慕二者都含有“眼馋别人的优势”的意思，不过前者消极，后者积极。前者相当于英语的be jealous of，后者与admire相对应。但英语词envy两个意思都有。1）班上的同学们都羡慕班长的博学。Allthe students admire their monitor for his/her wide range of knowledge2）你不该嫉妒人，说人家的坏话。It is unwiseforyou tobejealous of others andto speak evil ofothers3）据说不少女人忌妒张小姐的美貌。It is said that Miss Zhang's beauty is the envy of a lot ofwomen.四个词都指“取消”，但对象不同。“撤消”的对象多是“决定、职务或机构”：“取消”的对象是制度、资格或其他抽象事物：“取缔”则指国家专政机关禁止一些团体或活动：“吊销主要的对象则是证书类的执照等。请试译下列句子：13田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 13 （2）引导、领导、指导 英语中，lead, guide, conduct, direct 等词具有此义。其中，lead 指走在前引路，也 可表示“领导”，“指挥”；, guide 除表“充当向导”外，也指给予行动上、思想上 的指导； conduct 主要言语引客入座、引导参观； direct 意义较抽象，指依照权 利指导、管理政务、厂务或事物等。 试译下列句子： 1) 司令员亲自率领军队作战。 2) 这本书会指导你更好地掌握写作技巧。 3) 参观的人们被引导到工厂各处参观。 4) 组建了一个专门委员会来领导这次运动。 5) 司令员亲自率领军队作战。 The commander himself led the army into battle. 6) 这本书会指导你更好地掌握写作技巧。 This book will guide you towards a better mastery of the art of writing. 7) 参观的人们被引导到工厂各处参观。 The visitors were conducted over the factory. 8) 组建了一个专门委员会来领导这次运动。 A special committee has been formed to direct the campaign. 2．注意感情色彩的差异 有些词虽然词义相近，但使用者的态度可能有所不同，反映时也应区别对待。例 如： (1) 妒忌、羡慕 二者都含有“眼馋别人的优势”的意思，不过前者消极，后者积极。前者相当于 英语的 be jealous of; 后者与 admire 相对应。但英语词 envy 两个意思都有。 1）班上的同学们都羡慕班长的博学。 All the students admire their monitor for his/her wide range of knowledge. 2）你不该嫉妒人，说人家的坏话。 It is unwise for you to be jealous of others and to speak evil of others. 3）据说不少女人忌妒张小姐的美貌。 It is said that Miss Zhang’s beauty is the envy of a lot of women. 四个词都指“取消”，但对象不同。“撤消”的对象多是“决定、职务或机构”；“取 消”的对象是制度、资格或其他抽象事物；“取缔”则指国家专政机关禁止一些 团体或活动；‘吊销’主要的对象则是证书类的执照等。请试译下列句子：