第16周，第_15讲次课程名称：《汉英翻译》要摘 授课题目（章、节）第八章应用文的翻译本讲目的要求及重点难点：【目的要求】本节中，讨论的重点是商贸函电及日常应用文的英译问题。【重点】邀请信、申请信【难点】商贸函电内容1田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 1 课程名称：《汉英翻译》 第 16 周，第 15 讲次 摘 要 授课题目（章、节） 第八章 应用文的翻译 本讲目的要求及重点难点： 【目的要求】本节中，讨论的重点是商贸函电及日常应用文的英译问题。 【重 点 】邀请信、申请信 【难 点】商贸函电 内 容
【本讲课程的引入】本讲课主要介绍、归纳了常见的商贸函电及某些日常应用文的特点及其翻译方法。【本讲课程的内容】1.讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业II.第八章应用文的翻译02级1班曹佳学用e-mail给老师发的作业I.讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业，仅以一个学生的作业为例：Leaving a Positional DifferenceOnthe staff leader conference of the wholebureau, theBureauDirector passed themassagefrom the higher level about donation to the people indisaster stricken area andencouraged all theParty members and cadres totake a lead in the donation.On that day,with a notebook in hand, the office secretary,Xiao Lin, wenttothe officesof theBureauDirectorandVice BureauDirectors toregisterhowmuchmoneytheywantedtodonatemuch didWhenXiaoLincametoViceDirectorMa,hewasaskedbyDirectorMa“HowDirectorCaidonate?"DirectorCaiwasthetopleaderthere.XiaoLinansweredDirectorCai donated 100 RMB." Thinking it over, ViceDirector Ma said“then I will donate80RMB."Thenhetookoutanoteof10oRMBfromhispocket.Withaviewofthenote,consideringtheinconvenience of givingback the change,Xiao Lin saidtoViceDirector MaWhydon't you simplydonate1ooRMB?"Ma said“Hmm,Director Caidonated100RMB,thenI shouldnotdonate100RMBtoo,becauseheisthetopleaderofthebureau. As to me, it is pretty much for me to donate 80RMB.There should be lefta positional difference!"2田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 2 【本讲课程的引入】 本讲课主要介绍、归纳了常见的商贸函电及某些日常应用文的特点及 其翻译方法。 【本讲课程的内容】 I. 讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业 II．第八章 应用文的翻译 I． 讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业，仅以一个学生的作业为例： Leaving a Positional Difference On the staff leader conference of the whole bureau, the Bureau Director passed the massage from the higher level about donation to the people in disaster stricken area and encouraged all the Party members and cadres to take a lead in the donation. On that day, with a notebook in hand, the office secretary, Xiao Lin, went to the offices of the Bureau Director and Vice Bureau Directors to register how much money they wanted to donate. When Xiao Lin came to Vice Director Ma, he was asked by Director Ma “How much did Director Cai donate?” Director Cai was the top leader there. Xiao Lin answered “Director Cai donated 100 RMB.” Thinking it over, Vice Director Ma said “then I will donate 80 RMB.” Then he took out a note of 100RMB from his pocket. With a view of the note, considering the inconvenience of giving back the change, Xiao Lin said to Vice Director Ma “Why don't you simply donate 100 RMB?” Ma said “Hmm, Director Cai donated 100 RMB, then I should not donate 100 RMB too, because he isthe top leader of the bureau. As to me, it is pretty much for me to donate 80 RMB. There should be left a positional difference!” 02 级 1 班曹佳 学用 e-mail 给 老师发的作业
AHierarchial Difference (not"Leaving a Positional")At(not"On")the Staff Leader Conferencefor (not"of')thewhole Bureau,the BureauDirector教师的passed the massage from (the) higher levels about donations to (the) people in修改disaster stricken areas and encouraged all (the) Party members and cadres totake a lead in making (the) donationsOn that day, with a notebook in hand, the office secretary, Xiao Lin, wentto the offices of the Bureau Director and Vice Bureau Directors to registerhowmuch money theywanted todonateWhen Xiao Lin came to Vice Director Ma,he was asked byDirector Ma“Howmuch didDirector Cai donate?"Director Cai was thetopleader there.XiaoLin answered“Director Cai donated 100 RMB."Thinking it over, ViceDirector Ma said“then I will donate 80 RMB."Then he took out a (note of)100RMB note fromhis pocket. Looking at(not"With a view of")the note,andconsideringtheinconvenienceof givingback(the)change,Xiao Lin said toViceDirector MaWhydon't you simplydonate1ooRMB?"Ma saidHmm,DirectorCaidonated 100 RMB, then I should not donate 100 RMB too, because he is thetop leader at(better than"of")the Bureau.From my point ofview (not"As tome,")it is(pretty)muchbetterformeto donate 80RMB. There should be (left a positional) a hierarchical difference in the donations!"“There Must BeAGradation"One day, at a general meeting of all the bureau member, Bureau Chief Caicommunicated the spirit of the instruction from the above about the activity of"ShowLove To Compatriots in Disaster-stricken Areas"He called on officials who werePartymembers totakethelead.That day,the Bureau Chief's secretary Xiao Lin, notebook in hand, wentsuccessively to the offices of the chief and deputy-chiefs to collect the money donation.When Lin came to Deputy Chief Ma, Ma asked, “How much does our No. Oneman donate?" Lin replied, “"100 yuan." After some deliberation, Ma replied, In thatcase, I'll offer 80." Then he produced some money from his pocket. Seeing it was a100-yuan note, too lazy to give him the change, he suggested to Ma, Why not justmakeit100?""Oh, no!"Ma responded.“If Cai contributes 100 yuan, how can I donate the sameamount? He playsfirst fiddle; for me, 80 yuan is quite a lot ofmoney.There must be agradation."1.选自2000年4月13日《今晚报》。作者：相裕亭。本小小说再次说明我国等级观念较重，连在捐款上都有表现。根据《现代汉语词典》，所谓“拉开档次”就是说“捐款数要体现级别差异”。参考译文3田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 3 A Hierarchial Difference (not "Leaving a Positional") At ( not "On") the Staff Leader Conference for ( not "of") the whole Bureau, the Bureau Director passed the massage from (the) higher levels about donations to (the) people in disaster stricken areas and encouraged all (the) Party members and cadres to take a lead in making (the) donations. On that day, with a notebook in hand, the office secretary, Xiao Lin, went to the offices of the Bureau Director and Vice Bureau Directorsto register how much money they wanted to donate. When Xiao Lin came to Vice Director Ma, he was asked by Director Ma “How much did Director Cai donate?” Director Cai was the top leader there. Xiao Lin answered “Director Cai donated 100 RMB.” Thinking it over, Vice Director Ma said “then I will donate 80 RMB.” Then he took out a (note of ) 100RMB note from his pocket. Looking at ( not "With a view of") the note, and considering the inconvenience of giving back (the) change, Xiao Lin said to Vice Director Ma “Why don't you simply donate 100 RMB?” Ma said “Hmm, Director Cai donated 100 RMB, then I should not donate 100 RMB too, because he is the top leader at ( better than "of") the Bureau. From my point of view ( not "As to me,") it is (pretty) much better for me to donate 80 RMB. There should be (left a positional) a hierarchical difference in the donations!” “There Must Be A Gradation” One day, at a general meeting of all the bureau member, Bureau Chief Cai communicated the spirit of the instruction from the above about the activity of “ Show Love To Compatriots in Disaster-stricken Areas”. He called on officials who were Party members to take the lead. That day, the Bureau Chief’s secretary Xiao Lin, notebook in hand, went successively to the offices of the chief and deputy-chiefs to collect the money donation. When Lin came to Deputy Chief Ma, Ma asked, “How much does our No. One man donate?” Lin replied, “100 yuan.” After some deliberation, Ma replied, “In that case, I’ll offer 80.” Then he produced some money from his pocket. Seeing it was a 100-yuan note, too lazy to give him the change, he suggested to Ma, “Why not just make it 100?” “Oh, no!” Ma responded. “If Cai contributes 100 yuan, how can I donate the same amount? He plays first fiddle; for me, 80 yuan is quite a lot of money. There must be a gradation.” 1．选自 2000 年 4 月 13 日《今晚报》。作者：相裕亭。 本小小说再次说明我国等级观念较重，连在捐款上都有表现。根据《现代汉语词 典》，所谓“拉开档次”就是说“捐款数要体现级别差异”。 教师的 修改 参考译 文
2.我国等级观念重还表现在称呼上，无论在当面或背后都喜欢用“姓+行政职务”称呼别人，翻译时不宜把“蔡局长”译作Mr.Cai，这样译似乎很合英语习惯，但不符合中国的现实，未传达出机关里的等级、层次观念：宜译作“行政职务+姓”。BureauChiefCai"，后一种称呼法虽在英语中不常见，但是符合习惯。3.“拉开档次”一词的对应译法在有的汉应词典可以找到，译作：widenthedifference.我们认为不能搬用，因为widenthedifference是扩大差别，如扩大城乡差别，而原来并不存在捐款差别问题，更不存在扩大此差别问题。马副局长的意思是：级别有一级一级之不同，捐款数也应有个相应的级差。所以我们建议译作：Theremustbeagradation.温度表等的刻度叫gradation;四、六级统考的难度也有gradation4.第一段：“灾区人民”译作compatriotsindisaster-strickenareas；“人民”译作people，有歧义，people也可指别国的人民。同时在“..活动”后应补上“指示”的概念，否则有语病。5.第三段：英语中secretary可作“书记”、“秘书”、“干事”解。（秘书政府各部门的部长、大臣、书记、干事、文书TheGeneralSecretaryisalreadyacquaintedwiththefacts.总书记已经知道那些事实。），而在中国，“书记”与“秘书”大有差别，一般的英美人也了解这个由领导体制造成的差别。为了防止“秘书小林”被误解成“小林书记”，我们建议这样译“局办公室秘书小林”：theBureauChief's secretaryYoungLin。“小林”不宜译作LittleLin（似有贬义），也不宜译作XiaoLin（可被误解为姓Xiao名Lin或姓lin名xiao)。汉语中的“老王”“小王”，译作OldWang,YoungWang似已被英每美人理解、接受。中国人编制、体制和英美人的不大一样，是较难译得令英美人完全懂的。6．“..到几个局长、副局长办公室登记捐款数。”原文中的“几个”二字似应放在“副局长”前，译文中不必译出，译“副局长”时用复数就行了。据下文，“小林”不光是“登记”，而是“收集”捐款。所以把“登记”译作collect更好些，“收”后“登记”是常理，不必提。7．蔡局长是一把手。这句话似不译为好，因为这是常理，下文有会提到。突然冒出这么句译文，会使正进行的对话不接洽，8.“懒得给他找钱”。从汉英词典上可查到“懒得”的译法：notfeellike（不喜欢，不想）；notinthemood（没...的情绪）；bedisinclinedto（不倾向于，不欲）。哪一个译文都不能借用。这里的“懒得”解作“懒情似更吻合上下文，更生动，所以我们建议译作：toolazyto...9.“给他找钱“不能译作give himbackthechange（把找的钱腿回给他），或givehimthechanges.（change找头，不用复数）。10.“一把手”可译作firstincommand，或numberoneman我们译作firstfiddle，大型交响乐队中的第一小提琴手，是除指挥以外的关键人物，playfirstfiddle的喻义是“当第一把手”。II、第八章应用文的翻译一、商贸函电的翻译4田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 4 2．我国等级观念重还表现在称呼上，无论在当面或背后都喜欢用“姓+行政职务” 称呼别人，翻译时不宜把“蔡局长”译作 Mr. Cai， 这样译似乎很合英语习惯， 但不符合中国的现实，未传达出机关里的等级、层次观念；宜译作“行政职务 +姓”。Bureau Chief Cai”，后一种称呼法虽在英语中不常见，但是符合习惯。 3．“拉开档次”一词的对应译法在有的汉应词典可以找到，译作：widen the difference. 我们认为不能搬用，因为 widen the difference 是扩大差别，如扩大 城乡差别，而原来并不存在捐款差别问题，更不存在扩大此差别问题。马副局 长的意思是：级别有一级一级之不同，捐款数也应有个相应的级差。所以我们 建议译作：There must be a gradation. 温度表等的刻度叫 gradation;四、六级统 考的难度也有 gradation. 4．第一段：“灾区人民”译作 compatriots in disaster-stricken areas; “人民”译作 people, 有歧义，people 也可指别国的人民。同时在“.活动”后应补上“指 示”的概念，否则有语病。 5．第三段：英语中 secretary 可作“书记”、“秘书”、“干事”解。（秘书 政府各部门的部长、大臣、书记、干事、文书 The General Secretary is already acquainted with the facts. 总书记已经知道那些事实。），而在中国，“书记”与“秘 书”大有差别，一般的英美人也了解这个由领导体制造成的差别。为了防止“秘 书小林”被误解成“小林书记”，我们建议这样译“局办公室秘书小林”：the Bureau Chief’s secretary Young Lin. “小林”不宜译作 Little Lin（似有贬义），也不宜译作 Xiao Lin（可被误解为姓 Xiao 名 Lin 或姓 lin 名 xiao）。 汉语中的“老王”、“小王”， 译作 Old Wang, Young Wang 似已被英每美人理解、接受。中国人编制、体制和英 美人的不大一样，是较难译得令英美人完全懂的。 6．“.到几个局长、副局长办公室登记捐款数。”原文中的“几个”二字似应放 在“副局长”前，译文中不必译出，译“副局长”时用复数就行了。据下文， “小林”不光是“登记”，而是“收集”捐款。所以把“登记”译作 collect 更 好些，“收”后“登记”是常理，不必提。 7． 蔡局长是一把手。 这句话似不译为好，因为这是常理，下文有会提到。突然 冒出这么句译文，会使正进行的对话不接洽。 8．“懒得给他找钱”。从汉英词典上可查到“懒得”的译法：not feel like（不喜 欢，不想）；not in the mood (没.的情绪)；be disinclined to (不倾向于，不欲)。 哪一个译文都不能借用。这里的“懒得”解作“懒惰似更吻合上下文，更生动， 所以我们建议译作：too lazy to . 9．“给他找钱“不能译作 give him back the change （把找的钱腿回给他），或 give him the changes. (change 找头，不用复数)。 10． “一把手”可译作 first in command ,或 number one man.我们译作 first fiddle, 大型交响乐队中的第一小提琴手，是除指挥以外的关键人物，play first fiddle 的喻义是“当第一把手”。 II、第八章 应用文的翻译 一、商贸函电的翻译
商贸信函属于比较拘谨正式的公文体，行文端正，简练、清楚、具体、完整，且具有一套独有的词汇和习语，有本专业独有的表达方式，如：信用证、询盘、报盘、独家代理权等等。翻译商贸信函必须具有一定的商贸知识，熟悉商贸用语，需勤查工具书，力求做到准确、精炼、不漏细节，例如：1）如蒙贵方寄来春秋夏装报价于年底之前供货，则不胜感激。我方需求10号至14号套服2000件。请报上CIF芝加哥价格。我方通常用信用证付款。Would you kindly send us your quotation for spring and summer clothing that youcould supply to us by the end of this year.We would require2,oo0 suits in sizes10—14. Please quote CIF Chicago prices. Payment is normally made by L/C.2）兹报实盘，以我方时间九月三十日星期三下午五十以前答复为有效。We offer you firm subject to reply by 5 p.m our time,Wednesday, September30.3）谢谢你们对地毯的询盘。为答复你方四月二十八日讯价，随信寄去我方最新价目单一份以供参考。Thank you for your inquiry for carpets. In reply to your inquiry of April 28, we aresending you here with a copy of our latest price list for your reference2.语气文采特点及翻译要求商贸信函一般措辞婉转，注重礼节，讲究策略，经常使用汉语常用的公函套语，如“贵（方、公司)”、“兹”、“谨”、“谅”、“收悉”、“承蒙”、“见谅”、“为盼”等等，尽管现代商贸英语日趋口语化，但凡译时不宜使用口俗语，而应力求再现原文的语气和风格。例如：接到贵公司1995年6月2日来信，欣悉你们能供上述产品。为使你们熟悉我方交易条款，兹随函寄上合同格式一份以供参考。Wearepleasedtonotefromyourletterof 2ndJune,1995that youareabletosell us the captioned products. To acquaint you with our purchase terms, we areenclosing a specimen of our contract for your reference3.程式特点及翻译实例汉、英商贸信函均使用一定的套语，讲究程式，汉语信函一般有称呼、征文、结束语、签名、日期组成，有时还有附件、附言，而英语信函除这几项外，还包括信头、信内地址。翻译时不必套用英语的传统程式，可保留原文信函的程式，但信的称呼、结束语等需英语习惯表达。例如：敬启者：贵公司于1996年7月5日的来函及所附浴缸的价目单均及时收悉。我公司对此类产品颇感兴趣，我方经常受到欧洲有关客户的来函询价，如贵公司提供的商品质量优良，价格适中，则可向贵公司大量定购。望早日收到贵公同的样品与最优惠的条件，谢谢。XX谨上Dear Siror Madam,We have duly received your letter of July 5, 1996, with a price-list of thebaths enclosed therein.As we havemuch interest in this line of the goods, and weoftenreceiveinquiriesaboutthemfrom ourfriends inEurope.We shall beabletogive you considerable orders, if your quality is suitable and the prices moderateWe shall be obliged if you will send us some samples with the best terms at your5田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 5 商贸信函属于比较拘谨正式的公文体，行文端正，简练、清楚、具体、完整， 且具有一套独有的词汇和习语，有本专业独有的表达方式，如：信用证、询 盘、报盘、独家代理权等等。翻译商贸信函必须具有一定的商贸知识，熟悉 商贸用语，需勤查工具书，力求做到准确、精炼、不漏细节，例如： 1） 如蒙贵方寄来春秋夏装报价于年底之前供货， 则不胜感激。我方需求 10 号至 14 号套服 2000 件。请报上 CIF 芝加哥价格。我方通常用信用证 付款。 Would you kindly send us your quotation for spring and summer clothing that you could supply to us by the end of this year. We would require 2,000 suits in sizes 10—14. Please quote CIF Chicago prices. Payment is normally made by L/C. 2）兹报实盘，以我方时间九月三十日星期三下午五十以前答复为有效。 We offer you firm subject to reply by 5 p.m. our time, Wednesday, September 30. 3）谢谢你们对地毯的询盘。为答复你方四月二十八日讯价，随信寄去我方最 新价目单一份以供参考。 Thank you for your inquiry for carpets. In reply to your inquiry of April 28, we are sending you here with a copy of our latest price list for your reference. 2. 语气文采特点及翻译要求 商贸信函一般措辞婉转，注重礼节，讲究策略，经常使用汉语常用的公函 套语，如“贵(方、公司)”、“兹”、“谨”、“乞谅”、“收悉”、“承蒙”、“见谅”、 “为盼”等等，尽管现代商贸英语日趋口语化，但凡译时不宜使用口俗语， 而应力求再现原文的语气和风格。例如： 接到贵公司 1995 年 6 月 2 日来信，欣悉你们能供上述产品。为使你们熟 悉我方交易条款，兹随函寄上合同格式一份以供参考。 We are pleased to note from your letter of 2nd June, 1995 that you are able to sell us the captioned products. To acquaint you with our purchase terms, we are enclosing a specimen of our contract for your reference. 3．程式特点及翻译实例 汉、英商贸信函均使用一定的套语，讲究程式，汉语信函一般有称呼、 征文、结束语、签名、日期组成，有时还有附件、附言，而英语信函除这几 项外，还包括信头、信内地址。翻译时不必套用英语的传统程式，可保留原 文信函的程式， 但信的称呼、结束语等需英语习惯表达。例如： 敬启者： 贵公司于 1996 年 7 月 5 日的来函及所附浴缸的价目单均及时收悉。我公 司对此类产品颇感兴趣，我方经常受到欧洲有关客户的来函询价，如贵公司 提供的商品质量优良，价格适中，则可向贵公司大量定购。望早日收到贵公 司的样品与最优惠的条件，谢谢。 ××谨上 Dear Sir or Madam, We have duly received your letter of July 5, 1996, with a price-list of the baths enclosed therein. As we have much interest in this line of the goods, and we often receive inquiries about them from our friends in Europe. We shall be able to give you considerable orders, if your quality is suitable and the prices moderate. We shall be obliged if you will send us some samples with the best terms at your