Name of the Course:E-C TranslationWeek: ElevenLecture:NineAbstractTitle/topicUnit Six-OneSkills for the Translation of Long Sentence【Contents】■第一节名词性从句（NominalClause）的翻译■第一小节主语从句（SubjectiveClause）（常伴随有形式主语“it”）■第二小节宾语从句（ObjectiveClause）（可伴随有形式宾语“it"）■第三小节表语从句（PredictiveClause）■第四小节同位语从句（AppositiveClause）[ImportantandDifficultPoints】■第一小节主语从句（SubjectiveClause）（常伴随有形式主语“it”）■第二小节宾语从句（ObjectiveClause）（可伴随有形式宾语“it"）■第四小节同位语从句（AppositiveClause）Details【Sub-Section One】主语从句1■1.主语从句What he told mewas only half-truth.■他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression■他此行的所见所闻都给他留下深刻的印象。■能够引导主语从句的词有：主语从句2“it"作形式主语时，语序颠倒，it有时不翻译。It doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.■他参不参加会议都没关系。 It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.■驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看起来是不可想象的事
Name of the Course: E-C Translation Week: Eleven Lecture: Nine Abstract Title/topic Unit Six-One Skills for the Translation of Long Sentence 【Contents】 ▪ 第一节 名词性从句（Nominal Clause）的翻译 ▪ 第一小节 主语从句（Subjective Clause）（常伴随有形式主语 “it” ） ▪ 第二小节 宾语从句（Objective Clause）（可伴随有形式宾语 “it”） ▪ 第三小节 表语从句（Predictive Clause） ▪ 第四小节 同位语从句（Appositive Clause） 【Important and Difficult Points】 ▪ 第一小节 主语从句（Subjective Clause）（常伴随有形式主语 “it” ） ▪ 第二小节 宾语从句（Objective Clause）（可伴随有形式宾语 “it”） ▪ 第四小节 同位语从句（Appositive Clause） Details 【Sub-Section One】 主语从句 1 ▪ 1. 主语从句: ▪ What he told me was only half-truth. ▪ 他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。 ▪ Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. ▪ 他此行的所见所闻都给他留下深刻的印象。 ▪ 能够引导主语从句的词有： 主语从句 2 ▪ “it”作形式主语时，语序颠倒，it有时不翻译。 ▪ It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. ▪ 他参不参加会议都没关系。 ▪ It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. ▪ 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看起来是不可想象的事
【Sub-SectionTwo】宾语从句1■2.宾语从句：I understand that he is well qualified, butI feel that he needs more experience.■我知道他完全够条件，但我觉得他需要更多的经验。We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take■关于他将走哪条路线，我们还没有确切的消息。宾语从句2■用形式宾语：it（有时不翻译it） Itake it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him■我理所当然地认为你会过来跟他谈这件事的。I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.■我被选参加会议，感到十分荣幸。[Sub-Section Three】■表语从句：. Things are not always as they seem to be■事物并不总是如其表象。His view of the press was that thereporters were either for him or against him.■他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。【Sub-Section Four】同位语从句1■4.同位语从句■结构有点象定语从句，不同的是从句所承载的是它前面中心词所包含的具体内容。■同位语从句=中心词所包含的具体内容。同位语从句2Yet, from the beginning, thefact that I was alive was ignored·然而，从一开始，我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark mightaccidentallybypassthemostcarefully planned circuit.·而且总有这种可能性：一个小小的电火花，可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的路线
【Sub-Section Two】 宾语从句 1 ▪ 2. 宾语从句： ▪ I understand that he is well qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience. ▪ 我知道他完全够条件，但我觉得他需要更多的经验。 ▪ We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take. ▪ 关于他将走哪条路线，我们还没有确切的消息。 宾语从句 2 ▪ 用形式宾语：it （有时不翻译it） ▪ I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him ▪ 我理所当然地认为你会过来跟他谈这件事的。 ▪ I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. ▪ 我被选参加会议，感到十分荣幸。 【Sub-Section Three】 ▪ 表语从句： ▪ Things are not always as they seem to be. ▪ 事物并不总是如其表象。 ▪ His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. ▪ 他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。 【Sub-Section Four】 同位语从句 1 ▪ 4. 同位语从句 ▪ 结构有点象定语从句, 不同的是从句所承载的是它前面中心词所包含的具体 内容。 ▪ 同位语从句 =中心词所包含的具体内容。 同位语从句 2 ▪ Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored. ▪ 然而，从一开始，我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。 ▪ And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit. ▪ 而且总有这种可能性 ：一个小小的电火花，可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设 计的路线
【AdditionalMaterial]科技文体特点1■词义特点：■1)单义词(专业术语)■2)普通词转化为专业词义The work of these watches are all home-produced and wear well■这些表的机件均系国产，耐磨性好。·名词化结构（名词代替动词）：. Laser is one of the most sensational development in recent years because of itsapplicabilitytomanyfields of scienceand its adaptabilitytopractical use■激光是近年最惊人的科学成就之一，因为它可以应用于多学科领域，也适合各种实际用途科技文体特点2■科技英语的构词特点：■纯科技词：hydroxide（氢氧化物）,anode(阳极）-通用科技词汇：transmission，operation，power.-派生词: anti-, micro-, macro-, hydro-,hyper-,hypo-, dis-,mis-,un-, uni-,tri-,dec-,-logy, -ics, -tion, -ity, -ment, -ence, etc■缩写词：HIT-HealthIndicationTestab,a/b,a&b,aB,AB科技文体翻译特点3■四．科技英语的句法特点：■A大量使用被动结构，翻译成汉语时一般用主动形式。■B.大量使用非谓语动词：Today the electronic computer is widelyused in solvingmathematical problemshavingtodowithweatherforecastingandputting satellites intoorbit·今天，计算机广泛运用于解决一些数学问题，这些问题与天气预报和把卫星送入轨道有关。科技文体翻译特点4■.名词化倾向：广泛使用名词词组（表示动作意义的名词+of+名词+修饰语）结构。The testing ofmachines by this method entails some loss of power■用这种方法测试机器会浪费一些能量。The substitution of some rolling frictionfor sliding friction results in a veryconsiderablereductioninfriction·用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力
【Additional Material】 科技文体特点 1 ▪ 词义特点: ▪ 1)单义词(专业术语) ▪ 2)普通词转化为专业词义 ▪ The work of these watches are all home-produced and wear well. ▪ 这些表的机件均系国产, 耐磨性好。 ▪ 名词化结构 (名词代替动词）： ▪ Laser is one of the most sensational development in recent years because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical use. ▪ 激光是近年最惊人的科学成就之一，因为它可以应用于多学科领域，也适合各 种实际用途 科技文体特点 2 ▪ 科技英语的构词特点： ▪ 纯科技词：hydroxide（氢氧化物 ), anode(阳极) ▪ 通用科技词汇：transmission, operation, power. ▪ 派生词：anti-, micro-, macro-, hydro-, hyper-, hypo-, dis-, mis-, un-, uni-, tri-, dec-, -logy, -ics, -tion, -ity, -ment, -ence, etc ▪ 缩写词：HIT – Health Indication Test ab, a/b, a&b, aB, AB 科技文体翻译特点 3 ▪ 四. 科技英语的句法特点： ▪ A. 大量使用被动结构，翻译成汉语时一般用主动形式。 ▪ B. 大量使用非谓语动词： ▪ Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. ▪ 今天，计算机广泛运用于解决一些数学问题，这些问题与天气预报和把卫星送 入轨道有关。 科技文体翻译特点 4 ▪ C. 名词化倾向：广泛使用名词词组（表示动作意义的名词 + of + 名词 + 修 饰语）结构。 ▪ The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power. ▪ 用这种方法测试机器会浪费一些能量。 ▪ The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction. ▪ 用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力
科技文体翻译欣赏1-NASA successfully adapted communications and data-gathering technologies tosend small, technologically advanced spacecraft to explore Mars.Put moreresearch will be required in order to develop the critical systems needed to studyplanets beyond our solar system,according to a committee of the NationalResearchCouncil.·美国国家航空天空管理局(NASA）已成功地改进了通讯技术和信急收集技术以发射技术先进的小型航人器去探索火星。但据美国国家研究委员会称要开发出能研究太阳系以外的行星的关键系统仍需要进一步的研究。科技文体翻译欣赏 Put nuclear power to work. Many deep-space missions that are unable to rely onsolarenemy coulduseadvancednuclearreactors.Nuclearpower systems arecompact, durable, and resistant to space radiation and dust storms. Research shouldfocus on improving energy conversion efficiency and developing safer nuclearpowersourcesthroughnewmaterialanddesigns.Shieldcompute memories and electronics from radiation.Radiation in spacedamages sensitive computers and disrupts signals.Tocombatthisproblem,weneed todevelop lightweight shieldingprotectivematerials,anddata-recoverymethods.科技文体翻译欣赏■启用核动力。许多无法依赖太阳能为动力的外层空间探索飞行可利用先进的核反应堆为动力源。核动力系统小巧耐用，抗宇宙辐射和尘暴。应当研究如何提高能量转换效率.以及如何利用新材料和新设计开发出更安全的核动力源。保护计算机存储器和电子仪器不受辐射。宇宙辐射会损坏对辐射敏感的计算机.并且会干扰信号。要解决辐射问题.我们需要开发轻型屏蔽设备、防护材料和数据恢复法。【Summary of the Lecture】Today we have mainly studied nominal clasuses in E-C translation. Weshould pay our attention to subjective,objective and appositive clauses inE-C translation.【HomeworkaftertheLecture】]1. Review the content wehave studied,prepare an oral report ontheimportant and difficult points of the lectureSelect an English scientificl essay and translate the part of about 1002.wordsthatyou likethebest into Chinese
科技文体翻译欣赏 1 ▪ NASA successfully adapted communications and data-gathering technologies to send small, technologically advanced spacecraft to explore Mars. Put more research will be required in order to develop the critical systems needed to study planets beyond our solar system, according to a committee of the National Research Council. ▪ 美国国家航空天空管理局(NASA)己成功地改进了通讯技术和信急收集技术. 以发射技术先进的小型航人器去探索火星。但据美国国家研究委员会称.要开 发出能研究太阳系以外的行星的关键系统仍需要进一步的研究。 科技文体翻译欣赏 ▪ Put nuclear power to work. Many deep-space missions that are unable to rely on solar enemy could use advanced nuclear reactors. Nuclear power systems are compact, durable, and resistant to space radiation and dust storms. Research should focus on improving energy conversion efficiency and developing safer nuclear power sources through new material and designs. ▪ Shield compute memories and electronics from radiation. Radiation in space damages sensitive computers and disrupts signals. To combat this problem, we need to develop lightweight shielding protective materials, and data-recovery methods. 科技文体翻译欣赏 ▪ 启用核动力。许多无法依赖太阳能为动力的外层空间探索飞行可利用先进的 核反应堆为动力源。核动力系统小巧耐用，抗宇宙辐射和尘暴。应当研究如 何提高能量转换效率.以及如何利用新材料和新设计开发出更安全的核动力 源。 保护计算机存储器和电子仪器不受辐射。宇宙辐射会损坏对辐射敏感的计算 机.并且会干扰信号。要解决辐射问题.我们需要开发轻型屏蔽设备、防护材料 和数据恢复法。 【Summary of the Lecture】 Today we have mainly studied nominal clasuses in E-C translation. We should pay our attention to subjective, objective and appositive clauses in E-C translation. 【Homework after the Lecture】 1. Review the content we have studied, prepare an oral report on the important and difficult points of the lecture. 2. Select an English scientificl essay and translate the part of about 100 wordsthat you like the best into Chinese
Name of the Course: E-C TranslationWeek: TwelveLecture: TenAbstractTitle/topicUnit Six-TwoSkills for the Translation of Long Sentence【Contents】■第二节定语从句（AttributiveClause）的翻译■第一小节限定性定语从句（RestrictiveAttributiveClause）■第二小节非限定性定语从句（Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClause）■第三小节定语从句翻译总结（SummaryfortheTranslationofAttributiveClause）【ImportantandDifficultPoints】■第一小节限定性定语从句（RestrictiveAttributiveClause）■第三小节定语从句翻译总结（SummaryfortheTranslationofAttributiveClause）Details【Sub-Section One]限定性定语从句1■一，限制性定语从句（RestrictiveAttributiveClause）：■1：单项定语从句（简单定语）（即一个中心词只被一个定语从句所限制）■2.多项定语从句（复杂定语）限定性定语从句2■1.单项定语从句的翻译：■1）前置法（或合译法）：（把定语从句置于所修饰的中心词前）·按照汉语习惯，定语一般放在中心词前，所以翻译时把英语的定语部分放在中心词前，变成“定语从句的内容+的+中心词"的模式。1) The man who gave us a report yesterday was model worker2)A library is a place where books are kept for reading限定性定语从句3■2)拆译法(division)或后置法如果前置法造成定语成份过长，影响句子平衡时，我们就选择拆译法，即定语留在原来位置，作单独句子。 They are strivingforthe ideal which is closetothe heartof every Chinese and forwhich, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.■在这句子中"whichiscloseto..."和"forwhich,inthepast,many..."都分别作单独句子处理。遇到长句时，拆译是一种比较常见的方法
Name of the Course: E-C Translation Week: Twelve Lecture: Ten Abstract Title/topic Unit Six-Two Skills for the Translation of Long Sentence 【Contents】 ▪ 第二节 定语从句（Attributive Clause）的翻译 ▪ 第一小节 限定性定语从句（Restrictive Attributive Clause） ▪ 第二小节 非限定性定语从句（Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause） ▪ 第三小节 定语从句翻译总结 （Summary for the Translation of Attributive Clause） 【Important and Difficult Points】 ▪ 第一小节 限定性定语从句（Restrictive Attributive Clause） ▪ 第三小节 定语从句翻译总结（Summary for the Translation of Attributive Clause） Details 【Sub-Section One】 限定性定语从句 1 ▪ 一. 限制性定语从句（Restrictive Attributive Clause）： ▪ 1. 单项定语从句 (简单定语)（即一个中心词只被一个定语从句所限制） ▪ 2. 多项定语从句 (复杂定语) 限定性定语从句 2 ▪ 1. 单项定语从句的翻译： ▪ 1) 前置法(或合译法）： (把定语从句置于所修饰的中心词前） ▪ 按照汉语习惯，定语一般放在中心词前，所以翻译时把英语的定语部分放在 中心词前，变成“定语从句的内容 + 的 + 中心词”的模式。 1) The man who gave us a report yesterday was model worker. 2) A library is a place where books are kept for reading. 限定性定语从句 3 ▪ 2)拆译法(division)或后置法 如果前置法造成定语成份过长，影响句子平衡时，我们就选择拆译法，即定 语留在原来位置，作单独句子。 ▪ They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. ▪ 在这句子中“which is close to.”和“for which, in the past, many .”都分别作单 独句子处理。遇到长句时，拆译是一种比较常见的方法