NameoftheCourse:E-CTranslationWeek: SevenLecture: SixAbstractTitle/topicUnit Five-OneSkillsfortheTranslationofSentence【Contents】■第一节句子的结构和顺序■第一小节句子的结构（Structure）■第二小节句子成分的顺序（Order）【Important andDifficultPoints】■第一小节句子成分的顺序（Order）Details【Sub-SectionOne】句子结构1中式思维：某人某年某月某日在某地干某事。我的伯父于1999年9月12日凌晨2点30分在医院逝世。英式思维：某人干某事某年某月某日在某地。（为了平衡需要，时间与地点状语谁短谁在先）Myunclepassedawayinhospital at2.30a.m.onSeptember12,1999.句子结构2■英汉均为SVO结构：O=宾语S=主语V=动词但英汉状语和定语的位置有很大差别。如：我明天去北京。Iam goingto Beijing tomorrow.■汉语：定语在先行词之前。■英语：定语从句或短语在先行词之后。 He was a man whom all his friends admired and who won the respect even of hisenemies.■他是一个朋友钦佩，甚至赢得自己的敌人尊敬的人
Name of the Course: E-C Translation Week: Seven Lecture: Six Abstract Title/topic Unit Five-One Skills for the Translation of Sentence 【Contents】 ▪ 第一节 句子的结构和顺序 ▪ 第一小节 句子的结构（Structure） ▪ 第二小节 句子成分的顺序（Order） 【Important and Difficult Points】 ▪ 第一小节 句子成分的顺序（Order） Details 【Sub-Section One】 句子结构 1 中式思维： 某人某年某月某日在某地干某事。 我的伯父于 1999 年 9 月 12 日凌晨 2 点 30 分在医院逝世。 英式思维： 某人干某事某年某月某日在某地。（为了平衡需要，时间与地点状语谁短谁在先） My uncle passed away in hospital at 2. 30 a.m. on September 12, 1999. 句子结构 2 ▪ 英汉均为SVO结构： S = 主语 V = 动词 O = 宾语 但英汉状语和定语的位置有很大差别。 如： 我明天去北京。 I am going to Beijing tomorrow. ▪ 汉语：定语在先行词之前。 ▪ 英语：定语从句或短语在先行词之后。 ▪ He was a man whom all his friends admired and who won the respect even of his enemies. ▪ 他是一个朋友钦佩，甚至赢得自己的敌人尊敬的人
【Sub-Section Two]句子顺序1■汉语：前因后果。·英语：前果后因。He had to quit the position and went into exile, having been deprived of his power·他被剥夺了权力之后，只好离职，流落他乡。■汉语：以时间先后排序。■英语：表达重心先行，按句法结构展开。We have been dismayed at home while reading ofthe natural calamities thatfollowed one anotherfor three years after we left China in1959句子顺序2■我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭到自然灾害。当我们在国内读到这方面的消息时，心情颇为低沉（英语表达的重心）。句子顺序3■汉语：以话题先后排序，注意前因后果，时间先远后近，空间先大后小，句短成群。■英语则用长句表达，确定一个SVO，其他作非主结(非SVO主结构)构处理。- Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected:(fact的同位语）thereisa“high-temperaturebelt"intheatmosphere,withits centerroughly thirty miles above the ground·人们早就怀疑大气层中有一个“高温带”，其中心在距离地面约30公里的地方。利用火箭加以研究以后，这一奇异的事实已得到证实。句子顺序4 He's the best manI can find who can mend it within an hour.■他是我能找到的，在一小时内把它修理好的最为合适的人。Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often makethat intheircountryamanmayrisefromthelowesttothehighestpositionintheir land.句子顺序5·美国人经常声称，在他们的祖国一个人可以在自己的国土上从最低地位提升到最高地位，亚伯拉罕林肯就是一个最有名的例证。（i°定语从句+同位语从句i士结构)Thispracticebookis intendedforforeign engineers orstudentsofengineeringwhohavealreadymasteredtheelementsof English,and whonowwanttousetheirknowledge of the language to read books on their own subjects
【Sub-Section Two】 句子顺序 1 ▪ 汉语：前因后果。 ▪ 英语：前果后因。 ▪ He had to quit the position and went into exile, having been deprived of his power. • 他被剥夺了权力之后，只好离职，流落他乡。 ▪ 汉语：以时间先后排序。 ▪ 英语：表达重心先行，按句法结构展开。 ▪ We have been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left China in 1959 句子顺序2 ▪ 我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭到自然灾害。当我们在国内 读到这方面的消息时，心情颇为低沉（英语表达的重心）。 句子顺序3 ▪ 汉语：以话题先后排序，注意前因后果，时间先远后近，空间先大后小，句短 成群。 ▪ 英语则用长句表达，确定一个SVO，其他作非主结(非SVO主结构)构处理。 ▪ Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected: (fact的同位语)there is a “high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground. ▪ 人们早就怀疑大气层中有一个“高温带”，其中心在距离地面约30公里的地方。 利用火箭加以研究以后，这一奇异的事实已得到证实。 句子顺序 4 ▪ He’s the best man I can find who can mend it within an hour. ▪ 他是我能找到的，在一小时内把它修理好的最为合适的人。 ▪ Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often ma ke that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position in their land. 句子顺序 5 • 美国人经常声称，在他们的祖国一个人可以在自己的国土上从最低地位提升到 最高地位，亚伯拉罕¡¤林肯就是一个最有名的例证。(¡°定语从句+同位语从句¡± 结构) • This practice book is intended for foreign engineers or students of engineering who have already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their own subjects
句子顺序6这本实用书是为那些已经掌握英语基本知识，而现在想用已学到的语言知识来阅读自已相关科目的书籍的外国工程人员和工程专业学生而编写的。.Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are willing to sacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhitecollar workers·许多人常常宁愿栖牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。句子顺序7- Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered"striking"differences between menand women in a part ofthebrain linked with ability to estimate time, judge speed,visualizethingsthree-dimensionallyand solvemathematicalproblems.■约翰霍普金斯学的科学家已经发现在大脑中与估算时间，判断速度，想象三维的事物以及解答数学题等能力有关的部位，男女之间存在着“惊人的”差别。句子顺序8 The sun's energy is necessary to make the ecosystem work, and, as well, theelements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and twelve other elements in smalleramounts,areneededtobe continually cycled inthe ecosystem·太阳能是使系统运作起来所必须的东西，碳，氢，氧，氮等元素和少量其他12种元素也需要在这个生态系统中得以继续循环。句子顺序9.The Americaneconomic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economyinwhichconsumers largelydeterminewhat shall beproduced by spendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoods and servicesthat they want most.·美国经济体系是以市场为导向的经济，它围绕着基本的私有企业框架进行组织和构建，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的商品（产品）或服务来决定商家的生产
句子顺序 6 • 这本实用书是为那些已经掌握英语基本知识，而现在想用已学到的语言知识来 阅读自己相关科目的书籍的外国工程人员和工程专业学生而编写的。 • Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. • 许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方 倒是人之常情。 句子顺序 7 ▪ Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered "striking" differences between men and women in a part of the brain linked with ability to estimate time, judge speed, visualize things three-dimensionally and solve mathematical problems. ▪ 约翰 霍普金斯学的科学家已经发现在大脑中与估算时间，判断速度，想象三 维的事物以及解答数学题等能力有关的部位，男女之间存在着“惊人的”差别。 句子顺序 8 ▪ The sun's energy is necessary to make the ecosystem work, and, as well, the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and twelve other elements in smaller amounts, are needed to be continually cycled in the ecosystem. • 太阳能是使系统运作起来所必须的东西，碳，氢，氧，氮等元素和少量其他12 种元素也需要在这个生态系统中得以继续循环。 句子顺序 9 • The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. • 美国经济体系是以市场为导向的经济，它围绕着基本的私有企业框架进行组织 和构建，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上花钱购买他们最需要 的商品（产品）或服务来决定商家的生产
【AdditionalMaterial]政论文翻译欣赏1.The United States, which has always labeled itself as the guardian of internationalhuman rights, has violated human rights and committed serious crimes to Iraqipeople by injuring andkilling thousands of innocent Iraqicivilians,causingchaos andpoverty inIraq.Enragedbythemaltreatmenteventof Iraqiwarprisoners (prisoner abuse)which occurred last week and unveiled U.S.'s realnature, they walked to street and shouted"Liberator is cruderthan tyrant."■美国自我标榜为国际人权卫士和伊拉克人民的解放者，然而它却在伊拉克大量伤害无辜平民，造成混乱和贫穷，严重违反人权，对伊拉克人民犯下了天罪行。上一周曝光的美军虐待伊拉克战俘事件，使伊拉克人进一步看清了美国的真面目，他们走上街头，高呼“解放者比独裁者更残忍"的口号。政论文翻译欣赏2-Although the American economy has transformed itself over the years, certainissues have persisted since the earlydays ofthe republic.One is the continuingdebate over the proper role for government in what is basically a marketplaceeconomy-虽然美国经济在过去几年中已实现了转型，但某些问题自美国建国之初以来一直持续至今，依然悬而未决。其中之一便是围绕着政府在一个基本上属于市场性质的经济中的恰当角色所展开的持久争论。-【SummaryoftheLecture】Today we have mainly studied the structure of sentence and order ofsentence elements in E-C translation. We should pay our attention to orderof sentence elements in E-C translation.【HomeworkaftertheLecture】Review the content we have studied, prepare an oral report on the1. important and difficult points of the lecture.2.Select an English political essay and translate the part of about 150-200words that you like thebest into Chinese
【Additional Material】 政论文翻译欣赏 1 ▪ The United States, which has always labeled itself as the guardian of international human rights, has violated human rights and committed serious crimes to Iraqi people by injuring and killing thousands of innocent Iraqi civilians , causing chaos and poverty in Iraq. Enraged by the maltreatment event of Iraqi war prisoners (prisoner abuse) which occurred last week and unveiled U.S.’s real nature, they walked to street and shouted “Liberator is cruder than tyrant.” ▪ 美国自我标榜为国际人权卫士和伊拉克人民的解放者，然而它却在伊拉克大 量伤害无辜平民，造成混乱和贫穷，严重违反人权，对伊拉克人民犯下了滔 天罪行。上一周曝光的美军虐待伊拉克战俘事件，使伊拉克人进一步看清了 美国的真面目，他们走上街头，高呼“解放者比独裁者更残忍”的口号。 政论文翻译欣赏 2 ▪ Although the American economy has transformed itself over the years, certain issues have persisted since the early days of the republic. One is the continuing debate over the proper role for government in what is basically a marketplace economy. ▪ 虽然美国经济在过去几年中已实现了转型，但某些问题自美国建国之初以来 一直持续至今，依然悬而未决。其中之一便是围绕着政府在一个基本上属于 市场性质的经济中的恰当角色所展开的持久争论。 ▪ 【Summary of the Lecture】 Today we have mainly studied the structure of sentence and order of sentence elements in E-C translation. We should pay our attention to order of sentence elements in E-C translation. 【Homework after the Lecture】 1. Review the content we have studied, prepare an oral report on the important and difficult points of the lecture. 2. Select an English political essay and translate the part of about 150-200 wordsthat you like the best into Chinese
Name of the Course:E-CTranslationWeek: Eight Lecture: SevenAbstractTitle/topicUnitFive-TwoSkillsfortheTranslationof Sentence【Contents】■第二节句子的主动语态和被动语态■第一小节句子的主动语态（InitiativeVoice）■第二小节句子的被动语态（PassiveVoice）[ImportantandDifficultPoints】■第二小节句子的被动语态（PassiveVoice）Details【Sub-SectionOneandTwo】主动和被动1■英译汉：■1.被动译成主动The whole country was armed in a few days.·几天内全国武装起来了。（原主语不变）Bytheendofthewar800peoplehadbeen savedbytheorganization.（施动者：theorganization；受动者：800people)■大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。（施动者变成主语）-It is wellknownthat smokingisharmful tothehealth■众所周知，吸烟对人体有害。（加主语）主动和被动2■2.被动译成无主句 The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to■必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。Attention has been paidto thenewmeasuresto preventcorrosion■已经注意到采取防腐新措施。主动和被动3■.．被动结构不变，翻译时用“被，给，遭，受，为..所。-If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately■如果方案被批准，这项工程将立即动工。At the end ofthe month he was fired for incompetence.■月底，他因自己无能而给解雇了。Ourforeign policy is supportedby thepeople all over the world■我们的对外政策得到全世界人民的支持
Name of the Course: E-C Translation Week: Eight Lecture: Seven Abstract Title/topic Unit Five-Two Skills for the Translation of Sentence 【Contents】 ▪ 第二节 句子的主动语态和被动语态 ▪ 第一小节 句子的主动语态（Initiative Voice） ▪ 第二小节 句子的被动语态（Passive Voice） 【Important and Difficult Points】 ▪ 第二小节 句子的被动语态（Passive Voice） Details 【Sub-Section One and Two】 主动和被动 1 ▪ 英译汉： ▪ 1. 被动译成主动 ▪ The whole country was armed in a few days. ▪ 几天内全国武装起来了。(原主语不变） ▪ By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization. ( 施动者： the organization; 受动者：800 people) ▪ 大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。（施动者变成主语） ▪ It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health. ▪ 众所周知，吸烟对人体有害。（加主语） 主动和被动 2 ▪ 2. 被动 译成无主句 ▪ The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to. ▪ 必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。 ▪ Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. ▪ 已经注意到采取防腐新措施。 主动和被动 3 ▪ 3. 被动结构不变，翻译时用“被., 给., 遭., 受., 为.所。 ▪ If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately. ▪ 如果方案被批准，这项工程将立即动工。 ▪ At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence. ▪ 月底，他因自己无能而给解雇了。 ▪ Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. ▪ 我们的对外政策得到全世界人民的支持