第10周，第9讲次课程名称：《汉英翻译》要摘第六章词语的翻译第一节汉语中多义词、歧义词的翻译授课题目（章、节）本讲目的要求及重点难点：【目的要求】通过本讲课程的学习，学会汉译英的遣词用字问题。【重点】多义词的翻译【难点】歧义词的翻译内容1田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 1 课程名称：《汉英翻译》 第 10 周，第 9 讲次 摘 要 授课题目（章、节） 第六章 词语的翻译 第一节 汉语中多义词、歧义词的翻译 本讲目的要求及重点难点： 【目的要求】通过本讲课程的学习，学会汉译英的遣词用字问题。 【重 点】 多义词 的翻译 【难 点】 歧义词的翻译 内 容
【本讲课程的引入】理想的翻译单位是篇章，篇章下又依次分为段落一一句子一词语。词语是汉译英的最小单位，词语翻译的优劣是衡量译文质量的基本要素。汉译英的遣词用字问题与英译汉的情况有所不同。英译汉时我们输出的是自己已所熟悉的汉请词汇、语法结构，而汉译英时则需我们对大量不那么熟悉的词语作出取舍，然后再去套用语法规则，因此往往会显得力不从心一一这就是为什么初学者普遍会认为，汉译英的难度大大超过英译汉。【本讲课程的内容】1.讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业II.第六章词语的翻译第一节汉语中多义词、歧义词的翻译02英1戴翠翠用e-mail给老师发的作I．讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业，仅以一个学生的作业ReputationMr.Liureveled in calligraphysincechildhood.As early astwentyyears old hehad wonareputation after learningfrom some notable calligrapher.Unlikesomepeoplewith a similarexperience, Mr. Liu took his writing seriously and never inscribed casually. When he cameto an old age, he treasured his writing as precious as gold and only presented it at elegantplaces.One day, his wife went to buy a record at a bookstore. Ms. Liu emptied herpocket, still, was short of three fens, so she asked with a reluctant expression,"Only a lack of three fens. Will it do?" “T'm afraid not." replied the shop owner,"I have a narrow margin of profit but quick turnover. If I sell it at the price youoffered, there would be no profit." Ms. Liu was going to turn around and leavewhen she caught a glimpse of the inscription by her husband, Full of Humor andWit.Then she said, My husband wrote this for you, however, you won't sell arecord to me for a trivial of three fens. How penny-pinching you are!" Hearingthis, the shop owner apologized quickly, “Sorry for not recognizing you, Ms. Liu.Then the three-fen shortage will do."2田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 2 【本讲课程的引入】理想的翻译单位是篇章，篇章下又依次分为段落——句子——词 语。词语是汉译英的最小单位，词语翻译的优劣是衡量译文质量的基本要素。汉译英 的遣词用字问题与英译汉的情况有所不同。英译汉时我们输出的是自己所熟悉的汉语 词汇、语法结构，而汉译英时则需我们对大量不那么熟悉的词语作出取舍，然后再去 套用语法规则，因此往往会显得力不从心——这就是为什么初学者普遍会认为，汉译 英的难度大大超过英译汉。 【本讲课程的内容】 I. 讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业 II．第六章 词语的翻译 第一节 汉语中多义词、歧义词的翻译 I． 讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业，仅以一个学生的作业为例： Reputation Mr. Liu reveled in calligraphy since childhood. As early as twenty years old he had won a reputation after learning from some notable calligrapher. Unlike some people with a similar experience, Mr. Liu took his writing seriously and never inscribed casually. When he came to an old age, he treasured his writing as precious as gold and only presented it at elegant places. One day, his wife went to buy a record at a bookstore. Ms. Liu emptied her pocket, still, was short of three fens, so she asked with a reluctant expression, “Only a lack of three fens. Will it do?” “I’m afraid not.” replied the shop owner, “I have a narrow margin of profit but quick turnover. If I sell it at the price you offered, there would be no profit.” Ms. Liu was going to turn around and leave when she caught a glimpse of the inscription by her husband, Full of Humor and Wit. Then she said, “My husband wrote this for you, however, you won’t sell a record to me for a trivial of three fens. How penny-pinching you are!” Hearing this, the shop owner apologized quickly, “Sorry for not recognizing you, Ms. Liu. Then the three-fen shortage will do.” 02 英 1 戴翠 翠 用 e-mail 给老师发的作 业
Hearing the news, Mr. Liu glowered at his wife wide-eyed and gave her a slapin the face. He abandoned calligraphy afterwards and never wrote for the left ofhis life.ReputationMr. Liu has reveled in calligraphy since childhood.Asearly as twenty教师的years of age (not "old") he had won a reputation for excellence an修改learning from a (not "some") notable calligrapher. Unlike somepeople with a similar experience, Mr. Liu took his writing seriouslyand never inscribed casually. When he arrived at(not "came to an")old age, he treasured his writing as precious as gold and onlypresented it at elegant places.One day, his wife went to buy a record at a bookstore. Ms. Liuemptied herpocket,butwas still (,was)short ofthreefens.So sheasked withareluctantexpression,"I'm only(a lack of)threefensshort. Will it do?"I'm afraid not." replied the shop owner. "I have anarrow margin of profit but a quick turnover. IfI sell it at the priceyou offered, there would be no profit for me." Ms. Liu was going toturn around and leave when she caught a glimpse of an (not "the")inscription by her husband called Full of Humor and Wit. Then shesaid,"My husband did (better than "wrote") this for you, howeveryou won't sell a record to me for a trivial (of) three fens. Howpenny-pinching you are!" On hearing this, the shop owner apologizedquickly. " I'm sorry for not recognizing you, Ms. Liu. (Then) Thethree-fen (shortage) will suffice(betterthan "do")."Hearing thenews, Mr.Liu glowered wide-eyed at his wife(wide-eyed) and slapped her in the face( betterthan "gave her a slapin the face").He abandoned calligraphy after this (better than"afterwards")and never inscribed again (better than "wrote") for therest (not "left")of his life.Face: Lost and FoundLiu had loved calligraphy ever since childhood and later studied it undera famous calligrapher. Consequently, Mr. Liu had made name for himself at theyoung age of twenty. He never took up the brush at random and welded itnonchalantly. And the evening of his life found him even more meticulous in hiswork and his calligraphy mostly displayed in places oftaste and elegance.3田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 3 Hearing the news, Mr. Liu glowered at his wife wide-eyed and gave her a slap in the face. He abandoned calligraphy afterwards and never wrote for the left of his life. Reputation Mr. Liu has reveled in calligraphy since childhood. As early as twenty years of age ( not "old") he had won a reputation for excellence after learning from a ( not "some") notable calligrapher. Unlike some people with a similar experience, Mr. Liu took his writing seriously and never inscribed casually. When he arrived at ( not "came to an") old age, he treasured his writing as precious as gold and only presented it at elegant places. One day, his wife went to buy a record at a bookstore. Ms. Liu emptied her pocket, but was still (, was) short of three fens. So she asked with a reluctant _expression, " I'm only (a lack of) three fens short. Will it do? "I'm afraid not." replied the shop owner. "I have a narrow margin of profit but a quick turnover. If I sell it at the price you offered, there would be no profit for me." Ms. Liu was going to turn around and leave when she caught a glimpse of an ( not "the") inscription by her husband called Full of Humor and Wit. Then she said, "My husband did ( better than "wrote") this for you, however you won't sell a record to me for a trivial (of) three fens. How penny-pinching you are!" On hearing this, the shop owner apologized quickly. " I'm sorry for not recognizing you, Ms. Liu. (Then) The three-fen (shortage) will suffice ( better than "do")." Hearing the news, Mr. Liu glowered wide-eyed at his wife (wide-eyed) and slapped her in the face ( better than "gave her a slap in the face"). He abandoned calligraphy after this ( better than "afterwards") and never inscribed again ( better than "wrote") for the rest ( not "left") of his life. Face: Lost and Found Liu had loved calligraphy ever since childhood and later studied it under a famous calligrapher. Consequently, Mr. Liu had made name for himself at the young age of twenty. He never took up the brush at random and welded it nonchalantly. And the evening of his life found him even more meticulous in his work and his calligraphy mostly displayed in places of taste and elegance. 教师的 修改
4田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 4
One day his wifewas buyinga disc at a bookstore:Shedug into herpurse and took out all her money only to find she was 3 fen short Looking muchembarrassed, she asked the shopkeeper o“forget it".The man answered, “Sorry,no. I aim at small profits and quick returns. Deducting the 3 fen would bedepriving me of any profit."Mrs. Liu turned and was about to leave the shop when she saw herhusband's inscription,“Miao QuHeng Sheng"(meaningFull of Humor")onthe wall.“How could you be so mean about such a fleabite when my husbandwrote the inscription for you?" she grumbled." So - you are Mrs. Liu! I sincerely apologize for not knowing you.Please do me the honor of forgetting about the balance," the surprisedshopkeeper responded.On hearing his spouse's story, the revered calligrapher glared at hewith dilated eyes and rewarded her with a resounding slap in the face. Then andthere he made up his mind to part with his brush. Never again did he touch hisbeloved brushII.第六章词语的翻译第一节汉语中多义词、歧义词的翻译一、多义词的处理（一）上下文1.上下文与词义的选择1）发货：delivergoods2）发传单distributeleaflets3）发光发热emit light andheat4）发电generate electricity5）发烧haveafever意见1）两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见.。The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of commonconcern2）党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。A party member should listen carefully to the opinions of the masses3）大家对你很有意见。Peoplehavealotof complaintsaboutyou.4）你应该听从医生的意见。You should follow the doctor's advice.5）他们在会上闹起了意见。They got into disputes at the meeting.5田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 5 One day his wife was buying a disc at a bookstore. She dug into her purse and took out all her money only to find she was 3 fen short. Looking much embarrassed, she asked the shopkeeper o “forget it”. The man answered, “Sorry, no. I aim at small profits and quick returns. Deducting the 3 fen would be depriving me of any profit.” Mrs. Liu turned and was about to leave the shop when she saw her husband’s inscription, “Miao Qu Heng Sheng” (meaning “Full of Humor”) on the wall. “How could you be so mean about such a fleabite when my husband wrote the inscription for you?” she grumbled. “ So – you are Mrs. Liu! I sincerely apologize for not knowing you. Please do me the honor of forgetting about the balance,” the surprised shopkeeper responded. On hearing his spouse’s story, the revered calligrapher glared at her with dilated eyes and rewarded her with a resounding slap in the face. Then and there he made up his mind to part with his brush. Never again did he touch his beloved brush. II． 第六章 词语的翻译 第一节汉语中多义词、歧义词的翻译 一、多义词的处理 （一）上下文 1．上下文与词义的选择 1) 发货: deliver goods 2) 发传单 distribute leaflets 3) 发光发热 emit light and heat 4) 发电 generate electricity 5) 发烧 have a fever 意见 1) 两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见.。 The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern. 2) 党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。 A party member should listen carefully to the opinions of the masses. 3) 大家对你很有意见。 People have a lot of complaints about you. 4) 你应该听从医生的意见。 You should follow the doctor’s advice. 5) 他们在会上闹起了意见。 They got into disputes at the meeting