第1周，第1讲次课程名称：《汉英翻译》摘要第二章汉英翻译中常见的误译授课题目（章、节）本讲目的要求及重点难点：【目的要求】通过本讲课程的学习，了解翻译的重要性。对翻译中常见的错误，分门别类，归纳分析，从而引以为戒。【重点】翻译的原则和标准。【难点】误译分析。内容【本讲课程的引入】【本讲课程的内容】1田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 1 课程名称：《汉英翻译》 第 1 周，第 1 讲次 摘 要 授课题目（章、节） 第二章 汉英翻译中常见的误译 本讲目的要求及重点难点： 【目的要求】通过本讲课程的学习，了解翻译的重要性。对翻译中常见的错误，分门别类，归纳 分析，从而引以为戒。 【重 点】翻译的原则和标准。 【难 点】误译分析。 内 容 【本讲课程的引入】 【本讲课程的内容】
第二章汉英翻译中常见的误译ChapterTwoSome common errors in translation from Chinese intoEnglishPlease translate the following sentences:a.我通常睡得很晚。b.我们是2001级的学生。c.他的游泳水平还挺高。d.他的英语水平比我的高。e这里住房紧张。f.夜已很深了。g.现在有许多人在提倡民族化、科学化、大众化h.我们进行改革开放的方向是正确的，信念是坚定的，步骤是稳妥的，方式是渐进的，取得的成就是巨大的。a. Iusually sleep very late.(X)I usually go to sleep verylateb. We are students of the 2001 grade.(X)Weare students of the 2001enrolmentSheisastudentisthesecondgrade.（她是二年级的学生）Wearegraduatesofthe2005.我们是2005届的学生）c. His swimming level is very high. (X)He has becomequite good at swimming.d.The level of his English is higher than that of mine.(X)HeknowsmoreEnglishthanIe. There is housing tension. (X)There is housing shortagef. The night is deep. (X)The night is well advanced.Itwasinthedeadofnight（inthedeadofnight[简明英汉词典]在夜深人静时）/Itwaslateatnight.（汉英）2田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 2 第二章 汉英翻译中常见的误译 Chapter Two Some common errors in translation from Chinese into English Please translate the following sentences: a. 我通常睡得很晚。 b. 我们是 2001 级的学生。 c. 他的游泳水平还挺高。 d. 他的英语水平比我的高。 e. 这里住房紧张。 f. 夜已很深了。 g. 现在有许多人在提倡民族化、科学化、大众化 h. 我们进行改革开放的方向是正确的，信念是坚定的，步骤是 稳妥的，方式是渐进的，取得的成就是巨大的。 a. I usually sleep very late. (×) I usually go to sleep very late. b. We are students of the 2001 grade. (×) We are students of the 2001 enrolment. She is a student is the second grade. (她是二年级的学生） We are graduates of the 2005. 我们是 2005 届的学生） c. His swimming level is very high. (×) He has become quite good at swimming. d. The level of his English is higher than that of mine. (×) He knows more English than I. e. There is housing tension. (×) There is housing shortage. f. The night is deep. (×) The night is well advanced. It was in the dead of night. (in the dead of night [简明英汉词典]在夜深 人静时) /It was late at night. (汉英）
Many people nowadays arecalling for a nationalizationgscientificationandmassilization.(X)Many peoplenowadays are callingfora transformationto a national,scientific and mass style.h. The direction of our reform and opening is right our conviction isfirm, our steps are steady and our approach is gradual, thereforewe haveachieved tremendous successes.(X)We are going in the right direction, firm in conviction, steady in oursteps and gradual in our approach when carrying out the reform andopening-up and that we have achieved tremendous successes.分析：a.Iusually sleep very late.(X)b.Wearestudentsofthe2001grade.(X)Analysis:Thecultural elements are ignored whendoing this translation.When we do the translation, we must take the cultural elements intoconsideration. We must translate the Chinese sentences into the habitualuse of English We have different thinking patterns from the nativeEnglish speakers.More examples:凶宅haunted house(Xfearful house)精神文明：ethical andculturalprogress（Xspiritual civilization）ideological and cultural advancementc.Hisswimminglevel isveryhigh.(X)(1)d. The level of his English is higher than that of mine. (X)e.There is housing tension.(X)Analysis; mechanical equivalence缺之英语国家More examples:的背景知识而水平造成的误译英语水平：Englishproficiency生活水平：livingstandard游泳水平：swimmingskill建设社会主义物质文明和精神文明：tobuildasocial societywithbothhigh material standards and high ethical and cultural standards to buildsocialist civilization with a high cultural level and moral standards精神文明单位：amodelunitinmoral standards搞精神文明：topromoteethicalprogress文明礼貌月：thevirtuesandethicsmonth机械对应讲文明礼貌：tobehavecivilly文明经商：toconductourselveshonorablyincommercial transactions3田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 3 (1) g. Many people nowadays are calling for a nationalization, scientification and massilization. (×) Many people nowadays are calling for a transformation to a national, scientific and mass style. h. The direction of our reform and opening is right, our conviction is firm, our steps are steady and our approach is gradual, therefore we have achieved tremendous successes. (×) We are going in the right direction, firm in conviction, steady in our steps and gradual in our approach when carrying out the reform and opening-up and that we have achieved tremendous successes. 分析： a. I usually sleep very late. (×) b. We are students of the 2001 grade. (×) Analysis: The cultural elements are ignored when doing this translation. When we do the translation, we must take the cultural elements into consideration. We must translate the Chinese sentences into the habitual use of English. We have different thinking patterns from the native English speakers. More examples: 凶宅 haunted house (× fearful house) 精神文明: ethical and cultural progress (×spiritual civilization) ideological and cultural advancement c. His swimming level is very high. (×) d. The level of his English is higher than that of mine. (×) e. There is housing tension. (×) Analysis; mechanical equivalence More examples: 水平: 英语水平: English proficiency 生活水平:living standard 游泳水平:swimming skill 建设社会主义物质文明和精神文明: to build a social society with both high material standards and high ethical and cultural standards to build socialist civilization with a high cultural level and moral standards 精神文明单位: a model unit in moral standards 搞精神文明:to promote ethical progress 文明礼貌月:the virtues and ethics month 讲文明礼貌: to behave civilly 文明经商: to conduct ourselves honorably in commercial transactions 缺乏英 语国家 的背景 知识而 造成的误译 机械对应
压力很大的工作：demandingjob（Xastressful job)高新技术：newandhightechnology（Xhighandnewtechnology）国际经济新秩序：anewinternationaleconomicorder(Xaninternationalneweconomicorder)f. The night is deep. (X)The night is well advanced.Itwasinthedeadofnight(inthedeadofnight[简明英汉词典]在夜深人静时）/ltwaslateatnight.（汉英）Manypeoplenowadaysarecalling for a nationalization,g.scientification and massilization. (×)Many people nowadays are calling for a transformation to anational, scientific and mass style.Analysis:Understanding problemMore examples:三角债：debtchains,chaindebts,inter-companydebts（Xtriangledebts）三通一平：three connections and one leveling assuring that aconstruction site is connected to water, electric power supplies and roadsand that the ground is leveled before a project is begun (Xone level andthree through)隆胸：mammaplasty；breast-enhancements(breast-enlargingoperation)投资热点：aregionattractivetoinvestors,amuchsoughtpieceofland,popularinvestment（Xinvestmenthotspot动乱的地方）h.Thedirection of ourreform and opening isright our conviction isfirm, our steps are steady and our approach is gradual, therefore we haveachieved tremendous successes. (×)We are going in the right direction, firm in conviction, steady in oursteps and gradual in our approach when carrying out the reform andopening-up and that we have achieved tremendous successes.4田翠芸《汉英翻译》
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 4 压力很大的工作:demanding job (×a stressful job) 高新技术: new and high technology (×high and new technology) 国际经济新秩序: a new international economic order(×an international new economic order) f. The night is deep. (×) The night is well advanced. It was in the dead of night. (in the dead of night [简明英汉词典]在夜深 人静时) /It was late at night. (汉英） g. Many people nowadays are calling for a nationalization, scientification and massilization. (×) ◼ Many people nowadays are calling for a transformation to a national, scientific and mass style. Analysis: Understanding problem More examples: 三角债:debt chains, chain debts, inter-company debts (×triangle debts) 三通一平 : three connections and one leveling assuring that a construction site is connected to water, electric power supplies and roads and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun (×one level and three through) 隆胸: mammaplasty; breast-enhancements; (breast-enlarging operation) 投资热点: a region attractive to investors, a much sought piece of land, popular investment (×investment hot spot 动乱的地方) h. The direction of our reform and opening is right, our conviction is firm, our steps are steady and our approach is gradual, therefore we have achieved tremendous successes. (×) We are going in the right direction, firm in conviction, steady in our steps and gradual in our approach when carrying out the reform and opening-up and that we have achieved tremendous successes
Bad collocation: subject and verbMore examples:搭配不当verb and object:每晚我都要花一小时学习政治理论和企业管理知识。Iwould spendone hour every evening studying political theories and acquiringknowledge concerning business management. (XI would spend one hourevery evening studying political theories and knowledge concerningbusinessmanagement.)她掌握了大量英语单词。She(has）possessesawidevocabulary（ofEnglish words). (X She has mastered lots of English words.)adj and nounadj is a very flexible part of speech. In most cases, there are manycorrespondences in two languages, but still we have to pay muchattention tothecollocationwhen doingthetranslationMoreexamples:他们想问题做事情的方法，他们的历史习惯跟我们的不同The way they think, the way they do things and their traditional habits aredifferent from ours.(X...historical habits...)这种型号的车窗价格便宜The price ofthe latheof this type is low. (Xcheap)We can say:The color TV used to be expensive, but now is muchcheaper.Chinese English:我一点也不敢放松自己.Idarenotrelaxmyefforts.（×Idarenotloosenmyself),新学期已经过去了一星期了Onemonthhaspassed sincethenewtermbegan.(XOurnewtermhas理解问题passedonemonth)我们已经在那儿呆了三年了。It was threTrauoeenthere我们到这儿刚刚一个星期.Aweekhasjustpassed sincewearrivedhere.我已经很多年没像昨晚那么痛快了，Ithasbeenyears sinceIenjoyedmyself so much as last night.田翠芸《汉英翻译》5
田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 5 Bad collocation: subject and verb More examples: verb and object: 每晚我都要花一小时学习政治理论和企业管理知识。I would spend one hour every evening studying political theories and acquiring knowledge concerning business management. (×I would spend one hour every evening studying political theories and knowledge concerning business management.) 她掌握了大量英语单词。 She (has) possesses a wide vocabulary (of English words). (×She has mastered lots of English words.) adj and noun adj is a very flexible part of speech. In most cases, there are many correspondences in two languages, but still we have to pay much attention to the collocation when doing the translation. More examples: 他们想问题做事情的方法,他们的历史习惯跟我们的不同. The way they think, the way they do things and their traditional habits are different from ours. (×.historical habits.) 这种型号的车窗价格便宜. The price of the lathe of this type is low. (× cheap). We can say: The color TV used to be expensive, but now is much cheaper. Chinese English: 我一点也不敢放松自己.I dare not relax my efforts. (×I dare not loosen myself). 新学期已经过去了一星期了. One month has passed since the new term began. (×Our new term has passed one month). 我们已经在那儿呆了三年了. It was three years since we had been there 我们到这儿刚刚一个星期. A week has just passed since we arrived here. 我已经很多年没像昨晚那么痛快了. It has been years since I enjoyed myself so much as last night. 理解问题 搭配不当