w File Edit Format CalculateOptionsUiew 2的 Constructing C8)C5+C6+C7 Formulas for addition Note that all formulas c 2must begin with Medals wor by_australia 1996 Olympics Gold Bronze Total 10 To calculate the total number of medals won 121 Step 1. 13 Click in the cell where the total will go For example, the selected cell is c8 16 Step. Noy turn avay 18 Type the formula for calculating the total from the screen 1222 For example, here the formula for calculating the total is and try to imagine C5+C6+C7 the steps inVolved to calculate the total number of 23 Note that each of these refers to a cell address. medals von using 24 Step 3. the method s hoyn 25 Press the RETURN key Click on NEXT NERT 10网回四皿翻
Imagination effect enhances learning comparea lo bts o Imagining procedures or conce repeatedly studying materials (but: only for more knowledgeable learners) u The effect depends on the learners' prior knowledge level
❑ Imagining procedures or concepts enhances learning compared to repeatedly studying materials ▪ (but: only for more knowledgeable learners) ❑ The effect depends on the learners’ prior knowledge level. Imagination effect
Imagination effect 句区 Make text bold by puting it between the <b> and </b> Lists: Beyond Text Ginns et al. (2003 Make text italicised by putting it between the <i> and You are not limited to just plain ted <i> tags Complex materials (novice n your lsts: you can also inchude HTML formatting tags to your text, 回 Internet C Lookup New&Cool learners): study was better andinclude images in your list. This item has bold formatting than imagination shead This item has underlined formatting <title>Lists: Beyond Text. </title> Make text underlined by putting it between the <u> <lThis item has <b>bold</b> nd </u> <p This item has <iitalicisedp formatting roiitartIn chl 目四的立」
Ginns et al. (2003) Complex materials (novice learners): study was better than imagination Imagination effect
Imagination effect Problem-In this diagram, what is the value of Angle B? (Given"angles are in normal type; Steps 1 and 2 of the solution are in italie type. simple materials expert learners Imagination was better than study Step 1: vertically opPosite angles are 80 Step 2: B=80+61 egat、8o (the exterior angle equals the sum of the two opposite interior angles.)
simple materials (expert learners): Imagination was better than study Imagination effect
Imagination effect WHAT TIME DOES THE 103 BUS DEPART FROM ALT ST? Leahy Sweller(2005) 1: Find 103 in the Route Number section and Phase 1(novices) VS Route Numl 1mm1mmm十 Kent St 1255310750115125531D7501115 Alt St in Phase 2(experts) Casey 5 33815 Bell s 1454008.45 8.45 5439.10 first red∴ 1225 s learners′ levels of 235sa expertise increased, the Beach St 3005169451255300 9.B51255 advantage switched from studying to imagining Smith st32053510.051.15声20 10151.5 examples 3: The box where the lines meet gives the e when the 103 bus departs from Alt 4.30pn
Leahy & Sweller (2005) Phase 1 (novices) vs Phase 2 (experts) As learners’ levels of expertise increased, the advantage switched from studying to imagining examples Imagination effect