2. MethodsRotRaasSSCFagrmaxGauging StationRiverkg*s-lkgs-!g.f1t-ha-l-an-!t-ha-l-an-!Jiu0.285.8BARBATENI23.40.0425.6BROSTENI6.733.29428.3Motru875847.7GaugingstationsandupstreamBUSTUCHINAmaradia0.2915222.8415125.53576.5catchments consideredforthestudyandJiuCAMPU LUI NEAG0.1619.90.3239.646.8their solid discharge average andCELEIOrlea0.0840.53550.391810.6maximumvalues(2001-2010)CORCOVA2.574521.94872.2Cosustea340.3ThesiationsareorganizedinupstreamMotru10.1811501.89213.9768.8FATAMOTRULUIdownstreamorder,river-wise.Jiu237.2FILIASI16.8312821.0277.4Jiu3.725462.34333.1ISCRONI343.95.7LONEA0.320.7413.4157.7Jiu DeEstTaia0.35LONEA_TAIA1360.1352.1252.7Note:JiuPODARI73.5640202.51137.4750.7Ravg and Rmax → average & maximum1suspendedJiuRACARI44.4110951.9548.0497.5sediment loadROVINARIJiu13.2233001.45363.0262.3Tavg and Imax → average&specificmaximumJiu7.66938SADU1.93236.3309.9suspended sedimentdischarge0.3141.20.3241.8STREHAIAHusnita403.8SSCAveragesuspendedsedimentconcentrationTELESTIBistrita5.5116406.451200.51920.8TG.CARBUNESTIGilort4.9413722.48688.7510.6TURBUREAGilort14.6368454.502107.61190.4Jilt0.45406.1TURCENI3500.38294.40.0423.40.5033.3VALEADEPESTIValea de Pesti296.0JiuAIRAND WATER COMPONENTS OF THEENVIRONMENTINTERNATIONALCONFERENCE ZAVAL108.6147203.42148.61029.7
Gauging Station River Ravg kg∙s-1 Rmax kg∙s-1 ravg t∙ha-1 ∙an-1 rmax t∙ha-1 ∙an-1 SSC g∙l-1 BĂRBĂȚENI Jiu 0.28 23.4 0.04 25.6 5.8 BROȘTENI Motru 6.73 875 3.29 428.3 847.7 BUSTUCHIN Amaradia 0.29 1522 2.84 15125.5 3576.5 CÂMPU LUI NEAG Jiu 0.16 19.9 0.32 39.6 46.8 CELEI Orlea 0.08 355 0.39 1810.6 40.5 CORCOVA Coșuștea 2.57 452 1.94 340.3 872.2 FAȚA MOTRULUI Motru 10.18 1150 1.89 213.9 768.8 FILIAȘI Jiu 16.83 1282 1.02 77.4 237.2 ISCRONI Jiu 3.72 546 2.34 343.9 333.1 LONEA Jiu De Est 0.32 5.7 0.74 13.4 157.7 LONEA_TAIA Taia 0.35 136 0.13 52.1 252.7 PODARI Jiu 73.56 4020 2.51 137.4 750.7 RĂCARI Jiu 44.41 1095 1.95 48.0 497.5 ROVINARI Jiu 13.22 3300 1.45 363.0 262.3 SADU Jiu 7.66 938 1.93 236.3 309.9 STREHAIA Hușnița 0.31 41.2 0.32 41.8 403.8 TELEȘTI Bistrița 5.51 1640 6.45 1920.8 1200.5 TG. CĂRBUNEȘTI Gilort 4.94 1372 2.48 688.7 510.6 TURBUREA Gilort 14.63 6845 4.50 2107.6 1190.4 TURCENI Jilț 0.45 350 0.38 294.4 406.1 VALEA DE PEȘTI Valea de Pești 0.04 23.4 0.50 296.0 33.3 ZĂVAL Jiu 108.61 4720 3.42 148.6 1029.7 Gauging stations and upstream catchments considered for the study and their solid discharge average and maximum values (2001-2010) Note: Ravg and Rmax average & maximum suspended sediment load ravg and rmax average & maximum specific suspended sediment discharge SSC Average suspended sediment concentration The stations are organized in upstream - downstream order, river-wise. AIR AND WATER COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2. Methods
Methodology2. Methods4540Hysteresis-thenonlinear and complex hydro-sedimentarybehaviorduring35floods events(0'Kane,2005;Fovetet al.,2015)HysteresisIndex(adaptedafterLawleretal.,2006).252015For each flood of eachg.s.(10floods·22g.s.),amedian discharge (defined10as Q at 50% of the flow value range) was calculated : Qmed = k(Qmax -Qmin)812162024+Qmin,(whereQmax=thepeakdischargeof theflood,Qmin=thestartingQ[m3-s-1]discharge for the event, and “k"is set at O.5, being the position at which theloop breadth is investigated (the mid-point of the rising/ falling limb of theExampleofcalculationofHlindexhydrograph)The suspended sediment concentration values relativetoQmedof therisingThesymbols,and(SSCRL)and falling limbs(SSCrL)of the flood hydrograph were thenrepresent the rising limb,automaticallyinterpolated.floodpeak(orformultipleHImedcalculationresultedasfollows:values-segment crest),andfalling limb respectively.IfSSCRL>SSCL,HImed=(SSCRL/SSCFL)-1.If SSCRL<SSCFL), HImed=(-1/ (SSCRL/SSCFL) + 1.AIRAND WATERCOMPONENTSOFTHEENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE
7 Methodology Example of calculation of HI index 2. Methods 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 4 8 12 16 20 24 SSC[g∙m-3] Q[m3 ∙s -1 ] The symbols ∙ , and o represent the rising limb, flood peak (or for multiple values – segment crest), and falling limb respectively. AIR AND WATER COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Hysteresis - the nonlinear and complex hydro-sedimentary behavior during floods events (O’Kane, 2005; Fovet et al., 2015) Hysteresis Index (adapted after Lawler et al., 2006). - For each flood of each g.s. (10 floods ∙ 22 g.s.), a median discharge (defined as Q at 50% of the flow value range) was calculated : Qmed = k∙(Qmax - Qmin) + Qmin, (where Qmax = the peak discharge of the flood, Qmin = the starting discharge for the event, and “k” is set at 0.5, being the position at which the loop breadth is investigated (the mid-point of the rising/ falling limb of the hydrograph) - The suspended sediment concentration values relative to Qmed of the rising (SSCRL) and falling limbs (SSCFL) of the flood hydrograph were then automatically interpolated. - HImed calculation resulted as follows: •If SSCRL > SSCL , HImed = (SSCRL/SSCFL) – 1. •If SSCRL < SSCFL), HImed = (-1/ (SSCRL/SSCFL)) + 1
Where do the fine sediments weighed at the gaugingstations come from?What time scales are involved insedimenttransferwithin JiuRiverBasin?AIRANDWATERCOMPONENTSOFTHEENVIRONMENTINTERNATIONALCONFERENCE
8 Where do the fine sediments weighed at the gauging stations come from ? What time scales are involved in sediment transfer within Jiu River Basin? AIR AND WATER COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ResultsTheyearlysuspended sedimentproduction ratesareheat mapped below:20032007200820092010H.order/Year20012002200420052006RiverHydrologicalorderGauging station30.240.270.290.240.180.180.430.480.560.181CampuluiNeag1511.110.251.941.641.422.842.503.082.585.50320Barbateni0.258.892.461.28皖13.460.800.230.010.470.504Iscroni10.230.260.400.370.350.230.290.310.140.627Sadu80.340.200.280.460.700.610.320.300.400.37Jiu10Rovinari160.061.010.701.131.263.023.102.393.513.1514Filiasi180.070.750.532.861.543.133.861.431.343.3819Ricari140.280.450.210.351.830.682.150.782.201.2021Podari43.122.612.281.371.513.053.872.251.931.3822Zival60.530.440.500.330.570.260.260.180.370.4625Valea de PestiValea de Pesti0.030.030.040.020.230.080.400.110.050.25210.860.260.812.4910.022.191.141.022.064.225Lonea TaiaTaia190.450.780.350.617.352.041.371.152.143.16r6LoneaEastem Jiu104.420.620.570.620.512.540.900.751.741.84[t-ha-"an"]13.713.641.693.111.481.080.861.151.151.378CeleiOrleaMax170.0040.160.090.140.740.660.190.230.430.549TelestiBistrita94.820.905.063.12B11.24皖17.2510.543.054.563.8311JitTurceni122.820.521.212.225.573.971.530.561.944.3712TarguCarbunestiGilort-1130.222.129.5210.556.904.591.735.221.272.81110.370.500.070.280.360.770.720.400.140.2013Turburea20.130.250.230.580.960.520.500.470.750.6515BrosteniMotru221.492.369.534.601.221.682.064.841.594.7218Fata MotruluiMin16CoreovaCosusteaSuspendedsedimentproductionrate:17StrehaiaHusnitaWan20Bustuchin[t-ha-lan-'], Where Wr [kg; ti = R [kg/s] - T s]r=AmaradiaF
9 Results H.order/ Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 3 0.29 0.24 0.18 0.18 0.43 0.48 0.56 0.18 0.24 0.27 15 0.25 1.94 1.64 1.42 2.84 2.50 3.08 2.58 5.50 11.11 20 0.25 8.89 2.46 1.28 13.46 0.80 0.23 0.01 0.47 0.50 1 0.14 0.23 0.26 0.40 0.62 0.37 0.35 0.23 0.29 0.31 8 0.34 0.20 0.28 0.46 0.70 0.61 0.32 0.30 0.40 0.37 16 0.06 1.01 0.70 2.39 3.51 3.15 1.13 1.26 3.02 3.10 18 0.07 0.75 0.53 1.54 3.13 3.86 1.43 1.34 2.86 3.38 14 0.28 0.45 0.21 0.35 1.83 0.68 2.15 0.78 2.20 1.20 4 3.12 2.61 2.28 1.37 1.51 3.05 3.87 2.25 1.93 1.38 6 0.53 0.44 0.50 0.33 0.57 0.26 0.26 0.18 0.37 0.46 5 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.23 0.25 0.08 0.40 0.11 0.05 21 0.26 0.86 0.81 2.49 10.02 2.19 1.14 1.02 2.06 4.22 19 0.45 0.78 0.35 0.61 7.35 2.04 1.37 1.15 2.14 3.16 10 0.57 0.62 0.51 2.54 4.42 0.90 0.75 0.62 1.74 1.84 7 3.71 3.64 1.69 3.11 1.48 1.08 0.86 1.15 1.15 1.37 17 0.004 0.16 0.09 0.14 0.74 0.66 0.19 0.23 0.43 0.54 9 0.90 5.06 3.12 11.24 17.25 10.54 4.82 3.05 4.56 3.83 12 0.52 1.21 2.22 5.57 2.82 3.97 1.53 0.56 1.94 4.37 13 0.22 2.12 1.73 9.52 10.55 5.22 6.90 1.27 2.81 4.59 11 0.07 0.28 0.37 0.36 0.77 0.72 0.40 0.14 0.20 0.50 2 0.13 0.25 0.23 0.58 0.96 0.52 0.50 0.47 0.75 0.65 22 1.49 1.59 2.36 4.72 9.53 4.60 1.22 1.68 2.06 4.84 r = 𝑤an 𝐹 [t∙ha-1 ∙an-1 ] 𝐫 [t∙ha-1 ∙an-1 ] Suspended sediment production rate : The yearly suspended sediment production rates are heat mapped below: Hydrological order Gauging station River 1 Câmpu lui Neag Jiu 3 Bărbăţeni 4 Iscroni 7 Sadu 10 Rovinari 14 Filiasi 19 Răcari 21 Podari 22 Zăval 2 Valea de Peşti Valea de Peşti 5 Lonea Taia Taia 6 Lonea Eastern Jiu 8 Celei Orlea 9 Telesti Bistrița 11 Turceni Jilț 12 Târgu Cărbuneşti Gilort 13 Turburea 15 Broşteni Motru 18 Faţa Motrului 16 Corcova Cosustea 17 Strehaia Hușnița 20 Bustuchin Amaradia Max Min - 1 , Where WR [kg; t] = R [kg/s] ∙ T [s]