WuhanUniversityofTechnologyDepartmentofSpatial InformationandPlanningSchoolofResourcesandEnvironmentEngineeringRiverBasinManagementinEurope&DanubeRiverBasinGabrielaAdinaMOROSANU-MITOSERIUInstituteofGeographyoftheRomanianAcademy,Romaniagabriela.adina.m@gmail.com
River Basin Management in Europe & Danube River Basin Gabriela Adina MOROȘANU-MITOȘERIU Institute of Geography of the Romanian Academy, Romania gabriela.adina.m@gmail.com Wuhan University of Technology Department of Spatial Information and Planning School of Resources and Environment Engineering
Regulatoryframework inthe European Unionwww.polgeonow.comEUROPEANUNIONCurrently,27members,7candidatesAlsopartoftheEU(notshown)CurrentmemberCanary Islands (Spain)countries&2potentialcandidate--Madeira (Portugal)-Azores (Portugal)ICELANDOfficial candidatecountriesMany (but not all) FrenchoverseasterritorieRecognizedasaBinding element of EUthecountries:apotentialcandidatesetoflawsthatallmembersarerequiredFaroe IslandsFormermembers(Denmark)toshare(Asof April2023)NORWAYRUSSIATheEuropeanCommission(EC)isresponsibleformakinglawsto"defendKAZAKHSTANtheinterestsoftheUnionand its citizenslan(UK)BELARUSasawhole."TheECgenerallyproposestwotypes of rules:regulationsandPOUAHELKRAINEdirectives.Borders depictedGuernsey (UKthevarereconizedby theEuMostlythesearelawsabouteconomy,GEORGIAAZERtrade,natural resources,andARMimmigration.SomecountriesandspecialIRANSERBareashaveexemptionsfromcertainlawsMONACOTORKIYEbutoverall,beinganEUmembermeans(TURKENVATICAagreeingtofollowawholesetofrulesSYRIAIRAQsetoutbythecollaborativeunionDheketia (UK)GREECECYPRUSLERGibraltarqukgovernment.Ceuta (5p)Akrotir (UK)JORDANMelilla(Sp)ALGERIASAUDIARABIATUNMORMALTA
Regulatory framework in the European Union • Currently, 27 members, 7 candidates countries & 2 potential candidate countries • Binding element of EU the countries : a set of laws that all members are required to share • The European Commission (EC) is responsible for making laws to “defend the interests of the Union and its citizens as a whole.” The EC generally proposes two types of rules: regulations and directives. • Mostly these are laws about economy, trade, natural resources, and immigration. Some countries and special areas have exemptions from certain laws, but overall, being an EU member means agreeing to follow a whole set of rules set out by the collaborative union government
Regulatoryframeworkinthe EuropeanUnionTypesoflawswithintheEU1.Regulations:.Applies to Member States directly and in its entirety.Designed to achieve consistency across the EU, which can be particularly important when trying to harmonise certainaspectsofmarketstructure.increasebiodiversityExample:The EU Nature Restoration Law,aiming at restoringat least 20%of theEU'slandandseaareasby2030andallecosystemsinneedofrestorationby2050securethethingsnaturedoesforfree,likecleaningourwaterandair,Restoringrivers,lakes,wetlands,grasslands,forests,marineecosystemswill:pollinatingcrops,andprotectingusfromfioods2.Directives:limitglobalwarmingto1.5cbuild up Europe's resilience and strategic autonomy,preventing naturalRequiresMemberStatestotransposeEUrules intonational lawasdisasters and reducing risks to food securitythey see fit, as long as the overarching objectives are met.EffectivelygivesMemberStatesleewayinhowtointerpretandEuropean Floods Directive (2007opearimplementEUlaws.nawWate3WaterFrameworkExamples:DirectiveFlood RiskloodaframeworkforMaommunityactionin》WaterFrameworkDirective(WFD)2000/60/ECTfieldofwato>WaterDrinkingDirective(2020/2184)>Flo0dsDirective(2007/60/EC)
Regulatory framework in the European Union Types of laws within the EU 1. Regulations: • Applies to Member States directly and in its entirety. • Designed to achieve consistency across the EU, which can be particularly important when trying to harmonise certain aspects of market structure. 2. Directives: • Requires Member States to transpose EU rules into national law as they see fit, as long as the overarching objectives are met. • Effectively gives Member States leeway in how to interpret and implement EU laws. Examples: Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC Water Drinking Directive (2020/2184) Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) Example: The EU Nature Restoration Law, aiming at restoring at least 20% of the EU's land and sea areas by 2030 and all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050. Restoring rivers, lakes, wetlands, grasslands, forests, marine ecosystems will:
EUFlo0dsDirective(2007/60/EC）TheWaterFrameworkDirective(wFD)stipulatesthatEUMemberStatesshouldaimtoachievegood statusforallsurface water and groundwater bodies.Ecological status and potential are criteria used to assess the quality of thestructureand functioning of surfacewaterecosystems.Ecological status isinfluenced bywaterquality (e.g.pollution)and habitat degradation,and is used as aproxyforthe overall status of water bodies.Toimproveandrestoretheapproximately6o%ofsurfacewatersintheEUthatstillhavelessthangoodecologicalstatus,and meet WFD objectives,full implementationofmanagement and mitigation measures underthe WFD,incombinationwithfullimplementationofmeasuresunderotherrelevantdirectives,isneededBut,accordingtoBracketal.,2017,themanagementEffect-basedPassiveIntegratedof water pollution,more specifically the practicaltoolssamplingprioritizationL1implementationonchemicalpollution,hasfacedsomechallenges.InsupportoftheupcomingWFDreviewin2019theresearchproject SOLUTIONS and theMonitoringandprioritizationEuropeanmonitoringnetworkNORMANhasanalyzedthesechallenges, evaluatedthe state-of-the-art oftheAdvancedchemicalstatusInvestigativemonitoringscience and suggested possible solutions:tieredapproachEffect-basedtriggervalueslmprove monitoring and strengthen comprehensiveConsistent legislativeSedimentcontaminationframeworksprioritizationoftoxicpollutantsReviewofWFDModelstofilldatagapsRisk reduction scenarios·Fosterconsistentassessmentof waterpollution人Support solution-oriented management of chemicalsSolution-orientedConsistentassessmentmanagementinthewater cycle
EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) But, according to Brack et al., 2017, the management of water pollution, more specifically the practical implementation on chemical pollution, has faced some challenges. In support of the upcoming WFD review in 2019 the research project SOLUTIONS and the European monitoring network NORMAN has analyzed these challenges, evaluated the state-of-the-art of the science and suggested possible solutions: •Improve monitoring and strengthen comprehensive prioritization of toxic pollutants •Foster consistent assessment of water pollution •Support solution-oriented management of chemicals in the water cycle • The Water Framework Directive (WFD) stipulates that EU Member States should aim to achieve good status for all surface water and groundwater bodies. Ecological status and potential are criteria used to assess the quality of the structure and functioning of surface water ecosystems. Ecological status is influenced by water quality (e.g. pollution) and habitat degradation, and is used as a proxy for the overall status of water bodies. • To improve and restore the approximately 60% of surface waters in the EU that still have less than good ecological status, and meet WFD objectives, full implementation of management and mitigation measures under the WFD, in combination with full implementation of measures under other relevant directives, is needed
Canary Jslands (ES)Percentage ofwaterbodies,notingood ecologicalstatusorEUFloodsDirectivepotential, per riverbasin districtPercentage（2007/60/EC）≤10Azores.islands (PT)10-20Thepercentage of water bodies20-3030-40withlessthangood(i.e.moderate40-50poor or bad)ecological statusMadeira Island (PT)50-60variesbetween riverbasin districts60-7070-80(RBDs)acrossEurope,withsurface80-90Guadeloupeandwaterbodiesinnorth-westernMartinique Istands (FR)>90Europehavingtheloweststatus.Nodata reportedEEAcountriesnotReferencesimplementingWFDOutside coverageEC,2011, Communication from the Commission to the EuropeanFrench Gulana (FR)Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and SocialNote:Second riverbasinCommittee and the Committee of the Regions'Our life insurancemanagementplansour natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020' (COM(2011)244 final).EEA,2018b,Europeanwatersassessmentofstatusandpressures2018,EEA Report No 7/2018, European Environment AgencyMayotte Island (FR)(https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/state-of-water) accessed6December 2018.EEA, 2019,The European environment state and outlook 2020:knowledgefortransitiontoa sustainable Europe,EuropeanEnvironment Agency (https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer-2020)Reunion.island (FR)accessed 9 December 2019.EEA, 2020, 'WISE Water Framework Directive database', European50010005D0kmEnvironment Agency (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/wise-wfd-4) accessed 21 April 2021.Referencedata:@ESRILEurnGarraphics
EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) The percentage of water bodies with less than good (i.e. moderate, poor or bad) ecological status varies between river basin districts (RBDs) across Europe, with surface water bodies in north-western Europe having the lowest status. References EC, 2011, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions ‘Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020’ (COM(2011) 244 final). EEA, 2018b,European waters — assessment of status and pressures 2018, EEA Report No 7/2018, European Environment Agency (https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/state-of-water) accessed 6 December 2018. EEA, 2019,The European environment — state and outlook 2020: knowledge for transition to a sustainable Europe, European Environment Agency (https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer-2020) accessed 9 December 2019. EEA, 2020, ‘WISE Water Framework Directive database’, European Environment Agency (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-andmaps/data/wise-wfd-4) accessed 21 April 2021