Part 1:Measuring the Global Gender Gap improved on all subindexes except Educational Attainment, women in ministerial positions(from 26%to 15%).Yet its where they have regressed.EI Salvador(62)rises 22 Educational Attainment and Health and Survival gender places,with more women in parliament and in ministerial gaps remain fully closed,and,since 2006,it has improved positions (from 7%to 21%).Since 2006 it has fully closed across all subindexes,with the most progress being its Health and Survival gender gap and has improved made on Political Empowerment.Dominican Republic across all indicators. (86)is ranked next and has similarly regressed,dropping Jamaica(65)has dropped 13 places on the Economic eight places since last year.While improvements have Participation and Opportunity subindex,mostly due to been made to its Political Empowerment score,with more recently available data for the number of female legislators, women in ministerial positions,Economic Participation senior officials and managers.It has closed the gender and Opportunity has suffered,with less wage equality for gap fully on Health and Survival and is the most improved similar work.Since 2006,it is the least improved country country of the region on this subindex since 2006.It has of the region and third least improved globally on the also improved on Political Empowerment but is the region's Educational Attainment subindex.It is also the region's least improved country on Economic Participation and least improved on the Health and Survival subindex, Opportunity and on the overall Index.Guyana(66)follows ranking in the region's bottom three today.Peru(89)has and drops two places from last year,without any major also regressed,dropping 44 places since last year.This is changes in score besides slight improvements in literacy mostly due to halving the number of women in ministerial rate,wage equality and the number of women in ministerial positions (from 44%to 22%).However,since 2006,it has positions.Its Educational Attainment and Health and improved across all subindexes except Health and Survival Survival gender gaps remain fully closed but the country where it has regressed.It is the worst performing country is the region's second-worst performer on Economic of the region in this category,with 97%of the gender gap Participation and Opportunity. closed. Mexico(71)moves up nine places from last year with Uruguay(93)drops 11 places in 2015,with fewer more women in parliament.Slight improvements have also female legislators,senior officials and managers.Some been made in estimated earned income and the number progress has been made in the percentage of women in of female legislators,senior officials and managers,but parliament and in ministerial positions but the country is it remains the region's lowest-ranked country on the still one of the region's three worst performers on these Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex,with indicators.Since 2006 it has fully closed its gender gap less than 55%of the gender gap closed.Since 2006 it on Health and Survival and has advanced across all has fully closed its Health and Survival gender gap and subindexes.Suriname (94)follows,but has risen 15 places ranks among the top five most-improved countries in the since last year.This can be attributed to an increase in the region on the overall Index and Political Empowerment number of female legislators,senior officials and managers subindex.It has slightly regressed on Educational and the number of professional and technical workers. Attainment.Chile(73)hasn't changed in score despite as well as a doubling of women in parliament (from 12% dropping seven places from last year.The number of to 25%).Since 2012 it has fully closed its Health and legislators,senior officials and managers has improved, Survival gender gap.Belize(103)drops three places from as has the number of years with a female head of state last year due to a slight decrease in female enrolment in but there are fewer women in ministerial positions.It secondary education.It is the worst performing country of ranks among the bottom three in the region on Economic the region on Political Empowerment,with less than 5%of Participation and Opportunity.Since 2006 it has improved the gender gap closed.The gender gap on the Health and on all subindexes except Health and Survival and ranks Survival subindex has remained fully closed since 2007. among the region's top five most-improved countries on Guatemala(106)has regressed,dropping 17 places from Educational Attainment.Venezuela(78)moves up eight last year,with fewer women in ministerial positions.When places in rank,with 69%its gender gap now closed. compared to 2006,the country is the most improved of the While it has regressed on Economic Participation and region and third-most improved globally on the Economic Opportunity,improvements have been made on Political Participation and Opportunity subindex.Similarly,while it Empowerment,as it has added more women in ministerial is the region's lowest-performing country on Educational positions.Most of the progress made since 2006 has Attainment,it has improved the most since 2006.The occurred on these two subindexes.Honduras(80)drops gender gap on Health and Survival remains fully closed. seven places in rank,with less wage equality for similar Paraguay(107)drops 26 places from last year and is the work.It has fully closed the gender gap on the Educational worst performing country of the region,with less than Attainment subindex.Since 2006 it has improved across all 67%of the gender gap closed.It has regressed across subindexes except Health and Survival where it has slightly most of the indicators in Economic Participation and regressed. Opportunity-with wage equality for similar work being the Brazil(85)has slightly regressed,dropping 14 places exception.The number of women in ministerial positions since 2014.This is likely due to a fall in the number of has also nearly halved (from 25%to 8%)making it the The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 23
The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 | 23 Part 1: Measuring the Global Gender Gap improved on all subindexes except Educational Attainment, where they have regressed. El Salvador (62) rises 22 places, with more women in parliament and in ministerial positions (from 7% to 21%). Since 2006 it has fully closed its Health and Survival gender gap and has improved across all indicators. Jamaica (65) has dropped 13 places on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, mostly due to recently available data for the number of female legislators, senior officials and managers. It has closed the gender gap fully on Health and Survival and is the most improved country of the region on this subindex since 2006. It has also improved on Political Empowerment but is the region’s least improved country on Economic Participation and Opportunity and on the overall Index. Guyana (66) follows and drops two places from last year, without any major changes in score besides slight improvements in literacy rate, wage equality and the number of women in ministerial positions. Its Educational Attainment and Health and Survival gender gaps remain fully closed but the country is the region’s second-worst performer on Economic Participation and Opportunity. Mexico (71) moves up nine places from last year with more women in parliament. Slight improvements have also been made in estimated earned income and the number of female legislators, senior officials and managers, but it remains the region’s lowest-ranked country on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, with less than 55% of the gender gap closed. Since 2006 it has fully closed its Health and Survival gender gap and ranks among the top five most-improved countries in the region on the overall Index and Political Empowerment subindex. It has slightly regressed on Educational Attainment. Chile (73) hasn’t changed in score despite dropping seven places from last year. The number of legislators, senior officials and managers has improved, as has the number of years with a female head of state, but there are fewer women in ministerial positions. It ranks among the bottom three in the region on Economic Participation and Opportunity. Since 2006 it has improved on all subindexes except Health and Survival and ranks among the region’s top five most-improved countries on Educational Attainment. Venezuela (78) moves up eight places in rank, with 69% its gender gap now closed. While it has regressed on Economic Participation and Opportunity, improvements have been made on Political Empowerment, as it has added more women in ministerial positions. Most of the progress made since 2006 has occurred on these two subindexes. Honduras (80) drops seven places in rank, with less wage equality for similar work. It has fully closed the gender gap on the Educational Attainment subindex. Since 2006 it has improved across all subindexes except Health and Survival where it has slightly regressed. Brazil (85) has slightly regressed, dropping 14 places since 2014. This is likely due to a fall in the number of women in ministerial positions (from 26% to 15%). Yet its Educational Attainment and Health and Survival gender gaps remain fully closed, and, since 2006, it has improved across all subindexes, with the most progress being made on Political Empowerment. Dominican Republic (86) is ranked next and has similarly regressed, dropping eight places since last year. While improvements have been made to its Political Empowerment score, with more women in ministerial positions, Economic Participation and Opportunity has suffered, with less wage equality for similar work. Since 2006, it is the least improved country of the region and third least improved globally on the Educational Attainment subindex. It is also the region’s least improved on the Health and Survival subindex, ranking in the region’s bottom three today. Peru (89) has also regressed, dropping 44 places since last year. This is mostly due to halving the number of women in ministerial positions (from 44% to 22%). However, since 2006, it has improved across all subindexes except Health and Survival where it has regressed. It is the worst performing country of the region in this category, with 97% of the gender gap closed. Uruguay (93) drops 11 places in 2015, with fewer female legislators, senior officials and managers. Some progress has been made in the percentage of women in parliament and in ministerial positions but the country is still one of the region’s three worst performers on these indicators. Since 2006 it has fully closed its gender gap on Health and Survival and has advanced across all subindexes. Suriname (94) follows, but has risen 15 places since last year. This can be attributed to an increase in the number of female legislators, senior officials and managers and the number of professional and technical workers, as well as a doubling of women in parliament (from 12% to 25%). Since 2012 it has fully closed its Health and Survival gender gap. Belize (103) drops three places from last year due to a slight decrease in female enrolment in secondary education. It is the worst performing country of the region on Political Empowerment, with less than 5% of the gender gap closed. The gender gap on the Health and Survival subindex has remained fully closed since 2007. Guatemala (106) has regressed, dropping 17 places from last year, with fewer women in ministerial positions. When compared to 2006, the country is the most improved of the region and third-most improved globally on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex. Similarly, while it is the region’s lowest-performing country on Educational Attainment, it has improved the most since 2006. The gender gap on Health and Survival remains fully closed. Paraguay (107) drops 26 places from last year and is the worst performing country of the region, with less than 67% of the gender gap closed. It has regressed across most of the indicators in Economic Participation and Opportunity—with wage equality for similar work being the exception. The number of women in ministerial positions has also nearly halved (from 25% to 8%) making it the
Part 1:Measuring the Global Gender Gap second-worst performing country of the region on the globally on the overall Index;on the Economic Participation Political Empowerment subindex.However,it improved on and Opportunity subindex,with only 40%of the gender Health and Survival,fully closing the gender gap this year. gap closed;and on the Political Empowerment subindex, Since 2006,it is the second-most improved country of the with only 9%of the gender gap closed.Four of the five region on Educational Attainment but the least improved world's lowest-ranking countries on this latter subindex on Political Empowerment. belong to this region.On both Educational Attainment (93%of the gender gap closed)and Health and Survival North America (nearly 97%of the gender gap closed)it ranks fifth North America has closed 74%of its overall gender gap, globally-surpassing Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia and remaining the best performer on the global Index.It is also the Pacific,respectively.Still,no country from the region the best performer on the Economic Participation and has fully closed its gender gap on either subindex.When Opportunity subindex,with 82%of the gender gap closed, compared to 2006,the region has shown the most and on the Educational Attainment subindex,where it improvement on the Educational Attainment subindex,but has nearly achieved parity.On the Health and Survival the least improvement on the overall Index as well as on subindex it ranks third in the world;yet on the Political the Economic Participation and Opportunity and Political Empowerment it ranks second-to-last,with less than 17% Empowerment subindexes.The region is also home to the of the gender gap closed.In fact,when compared to best climber of the world on the Economic Participation 2006,North America is the second-least improved region and Opportunity subindex:Bahrain. on the overall index and on the Health and Survival and Israel(53)continues to hold the top spot in the Political Empowerment subindexes.It is,however,the Middle East and North Africa region and moves up 12 most improved region on the Economic Participation and places on the overall ranking due to improvements on Opportunity subindex. the Economic Participation and Opportunity,Health The United States(28)falls eight places this year and and Survival,and Political Empowerment subindexes It drops out of the top 20,mostly due to a decrease on its is the region's best-performing country across all four Political Empowerment score,where it has demonstrated subindexes.It is also the best performer on the Labour fewer women in ministerial positions(from 32%to 26%). force participation and Legislators,senior officials and On the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, managers indicators,but the second-worst performer on the country also drops out of the top five,with slightly less the Wage equality for similar work indicator.The country is wage equality for similar work.It ranks in the top 10 on the the region's second most improved country on the Health Estimated eamed income and Professional and technical and Survival subindex since 2006.Kuwait(117)drops four workers indicators,and top 25 on the Legislators,senior places this year.It is the region's second-best performing officials and managers indicator.The country has not country on Educational Attainment and the third-best reached full parity on either the Educational Attainment or performer on Economic Participation and Opportunity Health and Survival subindexes.Over the past 10 years, On Health and Survival it is the lowest-performing country its overall score has fluctuated,with a peak in 2014.It has along with Qatar,with less than 96%of the gender gap improved across all subindexes except Health and Survival. closed.It has improved across all subindexes since 2006 where it has slightly regressed. with Educational Attainment and Health and Survival Canada(30)falls 11 places this year,mainly due to a the exceptions.The United Arab Emirates(119)follows decrease on its Economic Participation and Opportunity closely.It scores above the regional average across all score,with less wage equality for similar work as well,as subindexes except Health and Survival,where it is the on its Political Empowerment score,where it has slightly third-lowest ranked country,with 96%of the gender gap less women in ministerial positions.It ranks among the top closed.It ranks first in the region on literacy rate and 25 on the labour force participation and estimated earned third on wage equality for similar work.Since 2006 it income indicators.The country continues to rank first in has improved across all subindexes except Health and the world with full parity on the Educational Attainment Survival.Next is Qatar(122),the region's second-best subindex,but ranks below the regional average on Health performing on Economic Participation and Opportunity,but and Survival,with less than 97%of the gender gap the second-lowest performer on Health and Survival and closed.Looking back to 2006,Canada's overall score is lowest performer on Political Empowerment,where it has characterized by similar fluctuations in score with a peak closed only 1.3%of the gender gap. in 2014.Like the United States,Canada has improved on Bahrain(123)scores above the regional average all subindexes except Health and Survival,where it has on Economic Participation and Opportunity,with slightly regressed. the region's highest score on the Wage equality for similar work indicator.It also scores above average on The Middle East and North Africa Educational Attainment with the second-highest score The Middle East and North Africa region has closed almost on the Enrolment in tertiary education indicator.It is 60%of the overall gender gap.However,it ranks last the world's most improved country on the Economic 24 The Global Gender Gap Report 2015
Part 1: Measuring the Global Gender Gap 24 | The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 second-worst performing country of the region on the Political Empowerment subindex. However, it improved on Health and Survival, fully closing the gender gap this year. Since 2006, it is the second-most improved country of the region on Educational Attainment but the least improved on Political Empowerment. North America North America has closed 74% of its overall gender gap, remaining the best performer on the global Index. It is also the best performer on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, with 82% of the gender gap closed, and on the Educational Attainment subindex, where it has nearly achieved parity. On the Health and Survival subindex it ranks third in the world; yet on the Political Empowerment it ranks second-to-last, with less than 17% of the gender gap closed. In fact, when compared to 2006, North America is the second-least improved region on the overall index and on the Health and Survival and Political Empowerment subindexes. It is, however, the most improved region on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex. The United States (28) falls eight places this year and drops out of the top 20, mostly due to a decrease on its Political Empowerment score, where it has demonstrated fewer women in ministerial positions (from 32% to 26%). On the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, the country also drops out of the top five, with slightly less wage equality for similar work. It ranks in the top 10 on the Estimated earned income and Professional and technical workers indicators, and top 25 on the Legislators, senior officials and managers indicator. The country has not reached full parity on either the Educational Attainment or Health and Survival subindexes. Over the past 10 years, its overall score has fluctuated, with a peak in 2014. It has improved across all subindexes except Health and Survival, where it has slightly regressed. Canada (30) falls 11 places this year, mainly due to a decrease on its Economic Participation and Opportunity score, with less wage equality for similar work as well, as on its Political Empowerment score, where it has slightly less women in ministerial positions. It ranks among the top 25 on the labour force participation and estimated earned income indicators. The country continues to rank first in the world with full parity on the Educational Attainment subindex, but ranks below the regional average on Health and Survival, with less than 97% of the gender gap closed. Looking back to 2006, Canada’s overall score is characterized by similar fluctuations in score with a peak in 2014. Like the United States, Canada has improved on all subindexes except Health and Survival, where it has slightly regressed. The Middle East and North Africa The Middle East and North Africa region has closed almost 60% of the overall gender gap. However, it ranks last globally on the overall Index; on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, with only 40% of the gender gap closed; and on the Political Empowerment subindex, with only 9% of the gender gap closed. Four of the five world’s lowest-ranking countries on this latter subindex belong to this region. On both Educational Attainment (93% of the gender gap closed) and Health and Survival (nearly 97% of the gender gap closed) it ranks fifth globally—surpassing Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia and the Pacific, respectively. Still, no country from the region has fully closed its gender gap on either subindex. When compared to 2006, the region has shown the most improvement on the Educational Attainment subindex, but the least improvement on the overall Index as well as on the Economic Participation and Opportunity and Political Empowerment subindexes. The region is also home to the best climber of the world on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex: Bahrain. Israel (53) continues to hold the top spot in the Middle East and North Africa region and moves up 12 places on the overall ranking due to improvements on the Economic Participation and Opportunity, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment subindexes It is the region’s best-performing country across all four subindexes. It is also the best performer on the Labour force participation and Legislators, senior officials and managers indicators, but the second-worst performer on the Wage equality for similar work indicator. The country is the region’s second most improved country on the Health and Survival subindex since 2006. Kuwait (117) drops four places this year. It is the region’s second-best performing country on Educational Attainment and the third-best performer on Economic Participation and Opportunity. On Health and Survival it is the lowest-performing country along with Qatar, with less than 96% of the gender gap closed. It has improved across all subindexes since 2006, with Educational Attainment and Health and Survival the exceptions. The United Arab Emirates (119) follows closely. It scores above the regional average across all subindexes except Health and Survival, where it is the third-lowest ranked country, with 96% of the gender gap closed. It ranks first in the region on literacy rate and third on wage equality for similar work. Since 2006 it has improved across all subindexes except Health and Survival. Next is Qatar (122), the region’s second-best performing on Economic Participation and Opportunity, but the second-lowest performer on Health and Survival and lowest performer on Political Empowerment, where it has closed only 1.3% of the gender gap. Bahrain (123) scores above the regional average on Economic Participation and Opportunity, with the region’s highest score on the Wage equality for similar work indicator. It also scores above average on Educational Attainment with the second-highest score on the Enrolment in tertiary education indicator. It is the world’s most improved country on the Economic
Part 1:Measuring the Global Gender Gap Participation and Opportunity subindex,and the second- third-least improved country.Jordan(140)is the region's most improved of the region on the overall Index since third-lowest performing country on Economic Participation 2006.Nevertheless.it is also the least improved since and Opportunity.with 35%of the gender gap closed. 2006 on both the Educational Attainment and Political It ranks below the regional average across the rest of Empowerment subindexes.Tunisia(127)scores above the the subindexes except Educational Attainment.While regional average across all subindexes and ranks best in improvements have been made on Educational Attainment the region for healthy life expectancy and second best on and Political Empowerment since 2006,it is the world's the percentage of female legislators,senior officials and second-least improved country on the overall Index as managers.Since 2006,it has shown the region's most well as on the Economic Participation and Opportunity improvement on the Health and Survival subindex.Algeria subindex. (128)is the region's second-best performing country on Syria(143)drops four places from last year and Political Empowerment,with the highest percentage of remains in the bottom five of the global ranking.It is the women in parliament(32).In fact,it is the second-most region's second-lowest performing country on Economic improved country on this subindex when compared with its Participation and Opportunity,with the region's lowest 2006 performance. score on the Labour force participation indicator.Yemen Mauritania(132)is the region's second-best (145)continues to occupy the last place in the region performing country on the Health and Survival subindex and on the global Index since 2006.It is the lowest and the third-best performer on Political Empowerment performing country of the region across the Economic where it has the highest percentage of women in ministerial Participation and Opportunity subindex and fourth-lowest positions(27).It is the most improved of the region in in the world on Educational Attainment.It has made some this subindex since 2006.Still,it is the second lowest improvements,though,and since 2006 it has been the performing country on Educational Attainment,with the most improved country of the region and fourth in the lowest enrolment of women in tertiary education.Saudi world on Educational Attainment.Still.it is also the least Arabia(134)drops four places from last year,mainly due to improved of the region and fourth-least improved of the a decrease on its Economic Participation and Opportunity world on the Health and Survival subindex. and Health and Survival scores.It is the region's third- best performing country on Educational Attainment,with Asia and the Pacific parity across enrolment in primary,secondary,and tertiary The Asia and the Pacific region has closed more than education.Still,it ranks below the regional average across 67%of its overall gender gap.It has improved its Political the rest of the subindexes.Since 2006,the country has Empowerment performance since 2014 and remains first shown the region's largest improvement on the overall globally with more than 25%of the gender gap closed. Index and the second-largest improvement on Economic However,the region ranks second from the bottom on the Participation and Opportunity.On Educational Attainment, overall Index and Economic Participation and Opportunity it is the fifth-most improved country in the world;however. subindex,with 54%of the gender gap closed.On Health it is the world's fifth-least improved country on Health and and Survival,the region has regressed since 2014 and, Survival. once again,scores last with less than 95%of the gender Oman(135)drops seven places from last year,due gap closed.When compared to 2006,the region is the to regression on Economic Participation and Opportunity. most improved on Political Empowerment and second- It ranks above the regional average across all subindexes most improved on Educational Attainment and on the except Political Empowerment,where it is the third- overall Index.It is the least improved on Health and lowest performing country of the region.Egypt follows Survival despite being home to three of the five most- in 136th position this year,with scores above average improved countries on this subindex.Of the 24 countries on all subindexes except Political Empowerment.Since in the region,17 have improved and seven have regressed 2006,the country has improved on three out of the four since 2006.The region is also home to one of the top subindexes;the lone exception,the Health and Survival five climbers on the overall Index and on Educational subindex.Lebanon(138)has improved over 2014,with Attainment:Nepal. the second highest percentage of female professional and The Philippines(7)has made progress from last technical workers in the region and more female ministers year and continues to rank among the top 10 on the Still,it is the region's second-lowest performer on Political overall index and first in the region with 79%of its gender Empowerment,with only 3%of female parliamentarians gap closed.This can be explained by an increase on its Morocco (139)is the third-best performing country of the Economic Participation and Opportunity score,which region on Health and Survival,but also the third-lowest is due to more female legislators,senior officials and performing country on Educational Attainment,where it managers as well as professional and technical workers. has closed less than 92%of the gender gap.Since 2006 It now ranks third-best in the region on this subindex it has improved across all subindexes except Economic Improvements have also been made on the Political Participation and Opportunity,where it is the world's Empowerment subindex,due to more women in ministerial The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 25
The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 | 25 Part 1: Measuring the Global Gender Gap Participation and Opportunity subindex, and the secondmost improved of the region on the overall Index since 2006. Nevertheless, it is also the least improved since 2006 on both the Educational Attainment and Political Empowerment subindexes. Tunisia (127) scores above the regional average across all subindexes and ranks best in the region for healthy life expectancy and second best on the percentage of female legislators, senior officials and managers. Since 2006, it has shown the region’s most improvement on the Health and Survival subindex. Algeria (128) is the region’s second-best performing country on Political Empowerment, with the highest percentage of women in parliament (32). In fact, it is the second-most improved country on this subindex when compared with its 2006 performance. Mauritania (132) is the region’s second-best performing country on the Health and Survival subindex and the third-best performer on Political Empowerment where it has the highest percentage of women in ministerial positions (27). It is the most improved of the region in this subindex since 2006. Still, it is the second lowest performing country on Educational Attainment, with the lowest enrolment of women in tertiary education. Saudi Arabia (134) drops four places from last year, mainly due to a decrease on its Economic Participation and Opportunity and Health and Survival scores. It is the region’s thirdbest performing country on Educational Attainment, with parity across enrolment in primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Still, it ranks below the regional average across the rest of the subindexes. Since 2006, the country has shown the region’s largest improvement on the overall Index and the second-largest improvement on Economic Participation and Opportunity. On Educational Attainment, it is the fifth-most improved country in the world; however, it is the world’s fifth-least improved country on Health and Survival. Oman (135) drops seven places from last year, due to regression on Economic Participation and Opportunity. It ranks above the regional average across all subindexes except Political Empowerment, where it is the thirdlowest performing country of the region. Egypt follows in 136th position this year, with scores above average on all subindexes except Political Empowerment. Since 2006, the country has improved on three out of the four subindexes; the lone exception, the Health and Survival subindex. Lebanon (138) has improved over 2014, with the second highest percentage of female professional and technical workers in the region and more female ministers. Still, it is the region’s second-lowest performer on Political Empowerment, with only 3% of female parliamentarians. Morocco (139) is the third-best performing country of the region on Health and Survival, but also the third-lowest performing country on Educational Attainment, where it has closed less than 92% of the gender gap. Since 2006 it has improved across all subindexes except Economic Participation and Opportunity, where it is the world’s third-least improved country. Jordan (140) is the region’s third-lowest performing country on Economic Participation and Opportunity, with 35% of the gender gap closed. It ranks below the regional average across the rest of the subindexes except Educational Attainment. While improvements have been made on Educational Attainment and Political Empowerment since 2006, it is the world’s second-least improved country on the overall Index as well as on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex. Syria (143) drops four places from last year and remains in the bottom five of the global ranking. It is the region’s second-lowest performing country on Economic Participation and Opportunity, with the region’s lowest score on the Labour force participation indicator. Yemen (145) continues to occupy the last place in the region and on the global Index since 2006. It is the lowest performing country of the region across the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex and fourth-lowest in the world on Educational Attainment. It has made some improvements, though, and since 2006 it has been the most improved country of the region and fourth in the world on Educational Attainment. Still, it is also the least improved of the region and fourth-least improved of the world on the Health and Survival subindex. Asia and the Pacific The Asia and the Pacific region has closed more than 67% of its overall gender gap. It has improved its Political Empowerment performance since 2014 and remains first globally with more than 25% of the gender gap closed. However, the region ranks second from the bottom on the overall Index and Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, with 54% of the gender gap closed. On Health and Survival, the region has regressed since 2014 and, once again, scores last with less than 95% of the gender gap closed. When compared to 2006, the region is the most improved on Political Empowerment and secondmost improved on Educational Attainment and on the overall Index. It is the least improved on Health and Survival despite being home to three of the five mostimproved countries on this subindex. Of the 24 countries in the region, 17 have improved and seven have regressed since 2006. The region is also home to one of the top five climbers on the overall Index and on Educational Attainment: Nepal. The Philippines (7) has made progress from last year and continues to rank among the top 10 on the overall index and first in the region with 79% of its gender gap closed. This can be explained by an increase on its Economic Participation and Opportunity score, which is due to more female legislators, senior officials and managers as well as professional and technical workers. It now ranks third-best in the region on this subindex. Improvements have also been made on the Political Empowerment subindex, due to more women in ministerial
Part 1:Measuring the Global Gender Gap positions.The Health and Survival gender gap remains fully to 2006,the country has shown progress across all closed while the Educational Attainment gap,which had subindexes except Political Empowerment,where it has been fully closed since 2006,reopens slightly.Since 2006 regressed. the country has progressed across all categories except Bangladesh(64)moves up four places from 2014 to Educational Attainment,where it has slightly regressed. 2015,showing improvement across all subindexes except New Zealand(10)similarly improves and moves up Economic Participation and Opportunity.After a steady three places from last year,joining the top 10 on the overall increase in score from 2006 to 2010,the country has Index with more than 78%of its gender gap closed.The regressed on this subindex since 2013.Its Educational country has also improved on Economic Participation and Attainment score continues to rise,due to higher literacy Opportunity,with better wage equality for similar work rates and enrolment in tertiary education.On the Health and more equal estimated earned income.Improvements and Survival subindex,the country ranks first in the region have also been made on Political Empowerment,and and,since 2006,is the second most-improved country in the country now ranks third best in the region in this the world.Improvements have also been made on Political subindex.Its Educational Attainment gender gap remains Empowerment,with more years with a female head of fully closed.Since 2006,the country has progressed state;since 2006,it has been the second-most improved across all categories except Health and Survival where it country of the region on this subindex.Bangladesh is also has slightly regressed.Australia(36)follows and drops the region's second-most improved country on the overall 12 places from where it ranked in 2014,with 73%of Index. the gender gap now closed.This can be explained by a Vietnam(83)has fallen seven places on the overall decrease on its Economic Participation and Opportunity ranking.While its Economic Participation and Opportunity, score,due to a drop in estimated earned income.Since Political Empowerment and Health and Survival scores 2006,its Educational Attainment gender gap has remained have remained almost unchanged,its Educational fully closed.The country has shown progress across Attainment score has decreased.This may be attributed all subindexes except Health and Survival where it has to a decrease in female literacy rates.Sri Lanka(84)drops slightly regressed.Lao PDR(52)moves up by eight places, five positions-it has less wage equality for similar work closing 71%of its overall gender gap.The country has and fewer female legislators,senior officials and managers increased its Economic Participation and Opportunity The country's Political Empowerment performance has score,with improvements to the Estimated earned income also regressed,with fewer years with a female head indicator score,and now ranks second best in the region of state,even though there are now more women in on this subindex.Its Educational Attainment score has ministerial positions.The Health and Survival gender gap also improved,due to higher literacy rates and more equal is fully closed.Since 2006 the country is the region's enrolment in secondary and tertiary education. east improved country on the overall Index,and the least Singapore(54)moves up five places from last year improved in the world,on the Political Empowerment due to improvements to its Economic Participation and subindex. Opportunity score,where it has increased wage equality Brunei Darussalam(88)moves up by 10 places for similar work and added more female legislators, from 2014.with an improved Economic Participation and senior officials and managers as well as professional Opportunity score due to more female legislators,senior and technical workers.The country now ranks first in the officials and managers as well as female professional region on this subindex.Yet on Educational Attainment and technical workers.However,it ranks last in the world and Political Empowerment it scores below the regional on Political Empowerment,with no women in ministerial average.Singapore has made progress across all positions or years with a female head of state.China subindexes since 2006 and is the most improved (91)drops four places from last year,slightly regressing country in the region on Economic Participation and in score due to a decrease in female sex ratio at birth. Opportunity.Mongolia(56)falls twelve spots from last It is the world's lowest-ranked country on this indicator. year.The decrease can mainly be seen on the Political China has slightly improved its Economic Participation Empowerment score,with fewer women in ministerial and Opportunity performance,with more wage equality positions(from 17%to 11%).The Health and Survival for similar work,as well as its Political Empowerment gender gap remains fully closed.When compared to score,where it has seen an increase in the percentage of 2006,the country has demonstrated improvements across women in ministerial positions.Since 2006 it has shown all subindexes except Educational Attainment where it progress across all subindexes except Health and Survival has regressed.Thailand(60)moves down one rank but where it is now the third-least improved country in the slightly improves its overall score,due to an increase on world.Indonesia(92)moves up five places,due to a near the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex-in doubling of women in ministerial positions(from 12%to particular,more female legislators,senior officials and 23%).Since 2006,the country has been steadily improving managers in the workforce.The country's Health and across all subindexes except Economic Participation and Survival gender gap is fully closed.When compared Opportunity,where it has regressed. 26 The Global Gender Gap Report 2015
Part 1: Measuring the Global Gender Gap 26 | The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 positions. The Health and Survival gender gap remains fully closed while the Educational Attainment gap, which had been fully closed since 2006, reopens slightly. Since 2006, the country has progressed across all categories except Educational Attainment, where it has slightly regressed. New Zealand (10) similarly improves and moves up three places from last year, joining the top 10 on the overall Index with more than 78% of its gender gap closed. The country has also improved on Economic Participation and Opportunity, with better wage equality for similar work and more equal estimated earned income. Improvements have also been made on Political Empowerment, and the country now ranks third best in the region in this subindex. Its Educational Attainment gender gap remains fully closed. Since 2006, the country has progressed across all categories except Health and Survival where it has slightly regressed. Australia (36) follows and drops 12 places from where it ranked in 2014, with 73% of the gender gap now closed. This can be explained by a decrease on its Economic Participation and Opportunity score, due to a drop in estimated earned income. Since 2006, its Educational Attainment gender gap has remained fully closed. The country has shown progress across all subindexes except Health and Survival where it has slightly regressed. Lao PDR (52) moves up by eight places, closing 71% of its overall gender gap. The country has increased its Economic Participation and Opportunity score, with improvements to the Estimated earned income indicator score, and now ranks second best in the region on this subindex. Its Educational Attainment score has also improved, due to higher literacy rates and more equal enrolment in secondary and tertiary education. Singapore (54) moves up five places from last year due to improvements to its Economic Participation and Opportunity score, where it has increased wage equality for similar work and added more female legislators, senior officials and managers as well as professional and technical workers. The country now ranks first in the region on this subindex. Yet on Educational Attainment and Political Empowerment it scores below the regional average. Singapore has made progress across all subindexes since 2006 and is the most improved country in the region on Economic Participation and Opportunity. Mongolia (56) falls twelve spots from last year. The decrease can mainly be seen on the Political Empowerment score, with fewer women in ministerial positions (from 17% to 11%). The Health and Survival gender gap remains fully closed. When compared to 2006, the country has demonstrated improvements across all subindexes except Educational Attainment where it has regressed. Thailand (60) moves down one rank but slightly improves its overall score, due to an increase on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex—in particular, more female legislators, senior officials and managers in the workforce. The country’s Health and Survival gender gap is fully closed. When compared to 2006, the country has shown progress across all subindexes except Political Empowerment, where it has regressed. Bangladesh (64) moves up four places from 2014 to 2015, showing improvement across all subindexes except Economic Participation and Opportunity. After a steady increase in score from 2006 to 2010, the country has regressed on this subindex since 2013. Its Educational Attainment score continues to rise, due to higher literacy rates and enrolment in tertiary education. On the Health and Survival subindex, the country ranks first in the region and, since 2006, is the second most-improved country in the world. Improvements have also been made on Political Empowerment, with more years with a female head of state; since 2006, it has been the second-most improved country of the region on this subindex. Bangladesh is also the region’s second-most improved country on the overall Index. Vietnam (83) has fallen seven places on the overall ranking. While its Economic Participation and Opportunity, Political Empowerment and Health and Survival scores have remained almost unchanged, its Educational Attainment score has decreased. This may be attributed to a decrease in female literacy rates. Sri Lanka (84) drops five positions—it has less wage equality for similar work and fewer female legislators, senior officials and managers. The country’s Political Empowerment performance has also regressed, with fewer years with a female head of state, even though there are now more women in ministerial positions. The Health and Survival gender gap is fully closed. Since 2006 the country is the region’s least improved country on the overall Index, and the least improved in the world, on the Political Empowerment subindex. Brunei Darussalam (88) moves up by 10 places from 2014, with an improved Economic Participation and Opportunity score due to more female legislators, senior officials and managers as well as female professional and technical workers. However, it ranks last in the world on Political Empowerment, with no women in ministerial positions or years with a female head of state. China (91) drops four places from last year, slightly regressing in score due to a decrease in female sex ratio at birth. It is the world’s lowest-ranked country on this indicator. China has slightly improved its Economic Participation and Opportunity performance, with more wage equality for similar work, as well as its Political Empowerment score, where it has seen an increase in the percentage of women in ministerial positions. Since 2006 it has shown progress across all subindexes except Health and Survival where it is now the third-least improved country in the world. Indonesia (92) moves up five places, due to a near doubling of women in ministerial positions (from 12% to 23%). Since 2006, the country has been steadily improving across all subindexes except Economic Participation and Opportunity, where it has regressed
Part 1:Measuring the Global Gender Gap Japan(101)moves up three places from 2014 due to part,to less equal estimated earned income and fewer a similar near doubling of women in ministerial positions women in ministerial positions.The country ranks above (from 11%to 22%).The Health and Survival gap remains the regional average across all subindexes except Political unchanged since 2012,at almost 98%,and the Economic Empowerment,where less than 6%of its gender gap has Participation and Opportunity score has decreased since closed. 2014,due to lower wage equality for similar work and Korea,Rep.(115)moves up two places with 65%of fewer female legislators,senior officials and managers. its overall gender gap now closed.This is likely triggered Since 2006 the country has demonstrated progress across by progress across nearly all indicators on the Economic all subindexes except Health and Survival where it has Participation and Opportunity subindex.Regarding Political slightly regressed.India(108)moves up six positions from Empowerment however,there has been a near halving of 2014 with more than double the percentage of women in women in ministerial positions(from 12%to 6%).When ministerial positions (from 9%to 22%).It now ranks second compared to 2006,the country has improved across all in the region on this subindex.While the Educational subindexes,with the most progress being made on the Attainment and Health and Survival scores have also Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex.Bhutan improved,the country ranks third-lowest in the region and (118)also moves up two positions in rank,with the most third-lowest in the world on both subindexes.Economic improvement being made on Educational Attainment, Participation and Opportunity has declined due to a which has been boosted by a higher literacy rate and decrease in wage equality for similar work and less female enrolment in tertiary education.Its Heath and Survival and labour force participation,placing the country third-lowest Political Empowerment scores remain the same as last in the region.Since 2006 the country has improved across year.Fiji(121)has seen more estimated earned income most subindexes,and in fact is the region's most-improved and a greater number of women in ministerial positions. country on Political Empowerment.Nevertheless,it has Full gender parity has been reached on the Health and regressed on Economic Participation and Opportunity and Survival subindex. is the world's least-improved country on the Health and Iran,Islamic Rep.(141)slightly regresses and joins Survival subindex. the world's bottom five on the overall Index.It is also Cambodia(109)slightly improves its Economic the region's second lowest performer on the Economic Participation and Opportunity score,showing consecutive Participation and Opportunity and Political Empowerment growth with more wage equality for similar work.The subindex,with under 36%and 4%of the respective country has also improved on the Political Empowerment gender gaps closed.When compared to 2006 it has subindex,adding more women in ministerial positions. made almost no improvements in any category and has While higher literacy rates have boosted Educational actually regressed on the Economic Participation and Attainment,it is the region's second-lowest ranking Opportunity and Health and Survival subindexes.Pakistan country on this subindex.The country has reached gender (144)has slightly improved its 2014 performance,but still parity on the Health and Survival subindex.Since 2006 ranks second-to-last in the world on the overall Index.On the country has improved across all subindexes.Nepal the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, (110)moves up two spots from last year,with improved the country has improved wage equality for similar work Economic Participation and Opportunity and Educational but still remains last in the region and,when compared Attainment scores.There have been no major fluctuations to 2006,has improved the least of any country in the on Health and Survival but its Political Empowerment region.Similarly,improved literacy rates and enrolment in score has decreased slightly.Since 2006 the country tertiary education have boosted educational attainment has improved across all subindexes,and ranks as the but the country remains last in the regional rankings.When second-most improved country in the world on Educational compared to 2006,though,it is the region's second-most Attainment and third-most improved globally on the overall advanced on this subindex.It is also one of the top five Index and on Health and Survival.It is also the region's most-improved countries in the world on the Health and second-most improved on Economic Participation and Survival subindex. Opportunity. Malaysia(111)slightly improves in score despite Sub-Saharan Africa falling four places in rank.Improvements across Economic By 2015,the Sub-Saharan Africa region has closed 68%of Participation and Opportunity are a likely cause but the its overall gender gap,showing a slight increase compared country has slightly regressed on Political Empowerment, to 2014.Out of six regions measured,it ranks fourth where it now ranks third lowest.It has also regressed behind North America,Europe and Central Asia,and Latin slightly on the Educational Attainment subindex;in fact, America and the Caribbean.The region has closed 97%of since 2006,it is the world's least improved country on its Health and Survival gap,showing the second absolute this subindex.Over the last decade it has also regressed largest increase compared to last year.Eighty-four percent on both Health and Survival and Political Empowerment. of its Educational Attainment gender gap has closed,the The Maldives(113)drops eight places in rank due,in largest absolute improvement over 2014.This year,69% The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 27
The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 | 27 Part 1: Measuring the Global Gender Gap Japan (101) moves up three places from 2014 due to a similar near doubling of women in ministerial positions (from 11% to 22%). The Health and Survival gap remains unchanged since 2012, at almost 98%, and the Economic Participation and Opportunity score has decreased since 2014, due to lower wage equality for similar work and fewer female legislators, senior officials and managers. Since 2006 the country has demonstrated progress across all subindexes except Health and Survival where it has slightly regressed. India (108) moves up six positions from 2014 with more than double the percentage of women in ministerial positions (from 9% to 22%). It now ranks second in the region on this subindex. While the Educational Attainment and Health and Survival scores have also improved, the country ranks third-lowest in the region and third-lowest in the world on both subindexes. Economic Participation and Opportunity has declined due to a decrease in wage equality for similar work and less female labour force participation, placing the country third-lowest in the region. Since 2006 the country has improved across most subindexes, and in fact is the region’s most-improved country on Political Empowerment. Nevertheless, it has regressed on Economic Participation and Opportunity and is the world’s least-improved country on the Health and Survival subindex. Cambodia (109) slightly improves its Economic Participation and Opportunity score, showing consecutive growth with more wage equality for similar work. The country has also improved on the Political Empowerment subindex, adding more women in ministerial positions. While higher literacy rates have boosted Educational Attainment, it is the region’s second-lowest ranking country on this subindex. The country has reached gender parity on the Health and Survival subindex. Since 2006 the country has improved across all subindexes. Nepal (110) moves up two spots from last year, with improved Economic Participation and Opportunity and Educational Attainment scores. There have been no major fluctuations on Health and Survival but its Political Empowerment score has decreased slightly. Since 2006 the country has improved across all subindexes, and ranks as the second-most improved country in the world on Educational Attainment and third-most improved globally on the overall Index and on Health and Survival. It is also the region’s second-most improved on Economic Participation and Opportunity. Malaysia (111) slightly improves in score despite falling four places in rank. Improvements across Economic Participation and Opportunity are a likely cause but the country has slightly regressed on Political Empowerment, where it now ranks third lowest. It has also regressed slightly on the Educational Attainment subindex; in fact, since 2006, it is the world’s least improved country on this subindex. Over the last decade it has also regressed on both Health and Survival and Political Empowerment. The Maldives (113) drops eight places in rank due, in part, to less equal estimated earned income and fewer women in ministerial positions. The country ranks above the regional average across all subindexes except Political Empowerment, where less than 6% of its gender gap has closed. Korea, Rep. (115) moves up two places with 65% of its overall gender gap now closed. This is likely triggered by progress across nearly all indicators on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex. Regarding Political Empowerment however, there has been a near halving of women in ministerial positions (from 12% to 6%). When compared to 2006, the country has improved across all subindexes, with the most progress being made on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex. Bhutan (118) also moves up two positions in rank, with the most improvement being made on Educational Attainment, which has been boosted by a higher literacy rate and enrolment in tertiary education. Its Heath and Survival and Political Empowerment scores remain the same as last year. Fiji (121) has seen more estimated earned income and a greater number of women in ministerial positions. Full gender parity has been reached on the Health and Survival subindex. Iran, Islamic Rep. (141) slightly regresses and joins the world’s bottom five on the overall Index. It is also the region’s second lowest performer on the Economic Participation and Opportunity and Political Empowerment subindex, with under 36% and 4% of the respective gender gaps closed. When compared to 2006 it has made almost no improvements in any category and has actually regressed on the Economic Participation and Opportunity and Health and Survival subindexes. Pakistan (144) has slightly improved its 2014 performance, but still ranks second–to-last in the world on the overall Index. On the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, the country has improved wage equality for similar work but still remains last in the region and, when compared to 2006, has improved the least of any country in the region. Similarly, improved literacy rates and enrolment in tertiary education have boosted educational attainment but the country remains last in the regional rankings. When compared to 2006, though, it is the region’s second-most advanced on this subindex. It is also one of the top five most-improved countries in the world on the Health and Survival subindex. Sub-Saharan Africa By 2015, the Sub-Saharan Africa region has closed 68% of its overall gender gap, showing a slight increase compared to 2014. Out of six regions measured, it ranks fourth behind North America, Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The region has closed 97% of its Health and Survival gap, showing the second absolute largest increase compared to last year. Eighty-four percent of its Educational Attainment gender gap has closed, the largest absolute improvement over 2014. This year, 69%