Lactose The most frequently used diluent abroad.a-form OH OH CH, H OH HO a-Form H *H20 HO OH CH2 OH Galactose Glucose 。 Spray-dried lactose Spherical crystalline/amorphous agglomerate Anhydrous lactose:has been used as a diluent. particularly in direct compression formulations where low moisture is desirable
Lactose • The most frequently used diluent abroad. α-form • Spray-dried lactose • Spherical crystalline/amorphous agglomerate • Anhydrous lactose: has been used as a diluent, particularly in direct compression formulations where low moisture is desirable. H OH H H O H H O HO OH CH2 H H OH H H H HO CH O 2 OH OH OH H OH H H O H H O HO OH CH2 H H H H OH H HO CH O 2 OH OH OH Galactose Glucose -Form -Form H2O H2O * *
Pregelatinized Starch Modified starch such as StaRx 1500 partially hydrolyzed,or pregelatinized starch ) Included in the USP,BP,JP,CP. Marketed for direct compression and appear to offer the advantages of substantial mechanical strength and rapid drug release
Pregelatinized Starch • Modified starch such as StaRx 1500 ( partially hydrolyzed, or pregelatinized starch ). • Included in the USP, BP, JP, CP. • Marketed for direct compression and appear to offer the advantages of substantial mechanical strength and rapid drug release
Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) OH HO HO. CH, OH An inert material and is compatible with most drugs Comes in various forms with specific properties and has a role as a multifunctional excipient. This material is a filler,binder and disintegrant. Good compressibility and adhesiveness and can be used as dry adhesive in direct compression. Commercial name:Avicel
Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) • An inert material and is compatible with most drugs. • Comes in various forms with specific properties and has a role as a multifunctional excipient. • This material is a filler, binder and disintegrant. • Good compressibility and adhesiveness and can be used as dry adhesive in direct compression. • Commercial name: Avicel H H H OH O H O HO OH CH2 OH H HO H H H O H HO CH O 2 OH OH H H H H H O O HO OH CH2 H H H H HO CH O 2 OH OH OH H H
Inorganic salts [(CaHPO4)*H2O] 。Dicalcium phosphate It absorbs less moisture and therefore used with hygroscopic drugs. ·Calcium carbonate Calcium triphosphate:A mineral complex commonly used as a filler or bulking complex and as a binder ·Magnesium carbonate ·Sodium chloride
Inorganic salts • Dicalcium phosphate – It absorbs less moisture and therefore used with hygroscopic drugs. • Calcium carbonate • Calcium triphosphate: A mineral complex commonly used as a filler or bulking complex and as a binder • Magnesium carbonate • Sodium chloride [(CaHPO4 ) H2O]
HO HH OH Mannitol OH HO HO HO H A white crystalline hexahydric alcohol Is about 70%as sweet as sucrose,with a cool feel in the month resulting from its negative heat of solution. Used particularly for chewable tablets. Mannitol accounts for 50%or more of the weight of many chewable tablet formulations
Mannitol • A white crystalline hexahydric alcohol. • Is about 70% as sweet as sucrose, with a cool feel in the month resulting from its negative heat of solution. • Used particularly for chewable tablets. • Mannitol accounts for 50% or more of the weight of many chewable tablet formulations. HO C H2 C H2 OH HO H H HO H HO H OH