第十六章 抗高血压药
第十六章 抗高血压药
HypertensionMain.complicationsofpersistentCategorysystolic,mmHgdiastolic,mmHgHighblood pressure<90<60Hypotension90-119[6]60-79[6]Brain:CerebrovascularNormalaccident(strokes)Retina of eye:90-129[5]60-84[5]-Hypertensive-Hypertensive retinopathyencephalopathy60-79[6]120-129[6]-confusionPrehypertension(high-headacheHeart:-convulsion- Myocardial infarctionnormal)8589[5]130-139[5](heartattack)HypertensiveBlood:140-15990-99cardiomyopathy-ElevatedheartfailureStage1hypertensionsugar levels130-139[6]80-89[6]160-179100-109Kidneys;:HypertensiveStage2hypertensionnephropathy>140[6]>90[6]chronicrenal failure≥180≥110Hypertensiveurgency≥160[6]≤90Isolatedsystolichypertension
Hypertension
高血压的病理生理学变化交感张力增高血管收缩、心脏收缩力增强、水钠潴留RAAS兴奋性增加
高血压的病理生理学变化 交感张力增高 RAAS兴奋性增加 血管收缩、心 脏收缩力增强、 水钠潴留
遗传因素环境因素摄盐+大脑高级中枢失调平滑肌信号缺陷利 Na+自隐+交感神经兴奋血管收缩因子性生长因子醛固酮1肾素血管紧张素 ↑血管平滑肌生长和结构改变血管反应性 1钠水潴留平滑肌细胞肥大、增生血管收缩管腔狭窄血浆和细胞外液容积1血管壁增厚自动调节心输出量1外周阻力十HBP
遗传因素 环境因素 HBP
DASH膳食治疗ACTSAROUDietaryDASHTheApproachesEatingPlantoResearch has found that ciet affects the development of highblood pressure, or hypertenston (themedical term):Recentlytwo studios showed that following a particular eating plancalled the DASH eating plan-and reducing the amount ot sodiStopum consurmed lowers blood pressureWile each stop adlone lowers blooxd pressure, the combination of the cating plan and areduced sodium intakegives the biggestbenent and may helppreventthe developrnentHypertensionor high blood pressureThts fact sheet, basod on tho DASH research findings, tells about high blood pressuroand howtofollowtheDASHeatingplanand reduoetheamountofsoxdlumyouconsume.lt offers tips on how to start and stay on the eating plan, as well as a weekof menus and some recipes.Themnenus and rectpes aregiven for two levels of dailysodium consumpticn2,400milllgrams (theupper lemitofcurrentrecommendationsby the Fedkral Government's National High Blood Pressuxe Education Prograrn, otNHBPEP, and the amount used to figure food iabels Nutrition Facts Daily Value) and1.500milligramsThose with highi blood prere mayespectally benefitfrom following the eattng plarandreductngthersoxtium intake Butthe combinatton Isaheart-healthyrecipethatalladults can follow.NATIONALINSTITUTESQFHEALTHANDBLOO0NATIONAHEARLUNS
DASH膳食治疗 Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension