The important compounds of copper: oxidation +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 state compound 氧化铜 硫酸铜 硝酸铜 氯化铜 氯化亚铜 Cuo CuSO4.5H2O CuNO3)2· CuCl2·2HO CuCl 3H20 Color state Brownish Blue crystal Blue crystal Green crystal White tetrahedron black crystal crystal density(g/cm 6.32-6.43 2.29 2.05 2.50 3.53-3.68 m,p,/℃ 1148 260℃以上变 114.5℃熔 在140~150℃ 425℃熔化约1000 heated 1000℃时分 为无水白色 化，强热时分 时在干燥的 ℃沸腾 situation 解为，加热时 CuSO4粉末， 解为碱式盐。 HCI气流中 能被H2、CO 653℃以上分 后变为。用和 加热可得无 还原为Cu2O 解为CuO和 乙醇溶液浸 水CuCI2,呈 或Cu S03 湿的纸，干后 黄褐色，比重 可自燃 为305 solubilty 几乎不溶于 20.7,无水 137.8(0℃)在 77.0,能溶于 1.5(25℃)，难溶 (g/100gH2O) 水(2.3×3 CuSO4易吸 湿空气中易 乙醚和丙醇 于水。在空气中吸 (anhydrous 03%),易溶 水 潮解，能溶于 中，易溶于甲 湿后变绿，溶于氨 salt) 于氨水 乙醇 醇和乙醇中 水
The important compounds of copper ： oxidation state +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 compound 氧化铜 CuO 硫酸铜 CuSO 4·5H 2 O 硝酸铜 Cu(NO3)2· 3H 2O 氯化铜 CuCl 2·2H 2 O 氯化亚铜 CuCl Color state Brownish black crystal Blue crystal Blue crystal Green crystal White tetrahedron crystal density(g/cm- 2) 6.32~6.43 2.29 2.05 2.50 3.53~3.68 m,p, / ℃ heated situation 1148 1000℃时分 解为，加热时 能被 H 2、CO 还原为 Cu 2 O 或 Cu 260℃以上变 为无水白色 CuSO 4粉末， 653℃以上分 解为 CuO 和 SO3 114．5℃熔 化，强热时分 解为碱式盐。 后变为。用和 乙醇溶液浸 湿的纸，干后 可自燃 在 140~150 ℃ 时在干燥的 HCl 气流中 加热可得无 水 CuCl2，呈 黄褐色，比重 为 3.05 425℃熔化约 1000 ℃沸腾 solubilty (g/100gH 2O) (anhydrous salt) 几乎不溶于 水(2.3 × 10-3%)，易溶 于氨水 20.7，无水 CuSO 4 易吸 水 137.8(0 ℃)在 湿空气中易 潮解，能溶于 乙醇 77.0，能溶于 乙醚和丙醇 中，易溶于甲 醇和乙醇中 1.5 （25℃），难溶 于水。在空气中吸 湿后变绿，溶于氨 水 -3
(1)Conpounds of Cu(I) (i)Cut:extremely unstable in solution 2Cu+=Cu2++Cu,K8=1.0X106 (ii)solid Cu(D)compounds show higher thermal stability than that of solid Cu(II)ones 1100°C 2Cu0(s) Cu2O(s,dull-red)+02 1800°C 2Cu(s)+%02 CuCl,(s) 990℃
(1) Conpounds of Cu(I) 2Cu + Cu2++Cu ， =1.0 ×10 K 6 (i) Cu +: extremely unstable in solution (ii) solid Cu(I) compounds show higher thermal stability than that of solid Cu(II) ones 2 Cl 2 2 1 CuCl(s) C990 (s)CuCl ⎯⎯ →⎯⎯ + ° 1800 ° C 1100 ° C 2CuO(s) → Cu 2O(s, dull-red) + ½ O 2 2Cu(s) + ½ O2
(iii)Cu(D)compounds show low solubility in H,O with an order for solubility below: CuCl>CuBr>Cul>CuSCN>CuCN>Cu2S (iv)Cu(I)compounds react with O2: 20u,0+02 200C →4Cu0 (used to remove the trace of oxygen from)nitrogen (v)Cut is a soft acid,can form complexes with the following ligands with stability in an order below: CI<Br<I<SCN-<NH3<S,O2<CS(NH)<CN K令small large
CuCl＞CuBr＞CuI＞CuSCN＞CuCN＞Cu2S (iii) Cu(I) compounds show low solubility in H2O with an order for solubility below: (iv) Cu(I) compounds react with O2： 4CuO C200 2 OO2Cu 2 ⎯⎯ →⎯⎯° + (v) Cu+ is a soft acid, can form complexes with the following ligands with stability in an order below: Cl-＜Br-＜I-＜SCN-＜NH3＜S2O32-＜CS(NH2)2＜CNK small large f (used to remove the trace of oxygen from nitrogen )
(vi)The coordination number of Cu(I)in the corresponding complexes is normally 2,sometimes 3 or 4. (vii)Cu(I complexes are not easy to be disproportionated Cu2+0.161V Cut 0.52V Cu Cu2+0.447V[CuC12]0.232VCu Cu+Cu2++4C(conc.HC)ACuC,(dust-yelIow-土黄色) [CuC12] dilution Cucl(s,white)+Cl Cu(NH)0.013V Cu(NH,)0.128V Cu
(vii) Cu(I) complexes are not easy to be disproportionated Cu2+ 0.447V [CuCl 2 ] - 0.232V Cu 2 + 0.013V -0.128V 43 )Cu(NH + 23 )Cu(NH Cu [CuCl 2 ] - dilution CuCl( s, white) + Cl - (vi) The coordination number of Cu(I) in the corresponding complexes is normally 2, sometimes 3 or 4. Cu2+ Cu+ Cu 0.161V 0.52V Cu + Cu2+ + 4Cl -(conc. HCl) → CuCl 2 - ( dust-yellow土黄色） Δ
(viii)solid Cu(D)compounds are not easy to be disproportionated沉淀物不易歧化 Cu2+0.561V-CuCl-0.117V Cu c.f:Cu2+0.161VCut0.52V_ Cu In an aqueous solution:E(right)>E(left), Cu+disproportionates 2Cu+=Cu2+Cu,K9=1.0×106 Cu2O+H2SO>CuSO+Cu+H2O Cu2O+2HCI->2CuCl(s)+H2O
(viii) solid Cu(I) compounds are not easy to be disproportionated 沉淀物不易歧化 Cu2+ Cu+ Cu 0.161V 0.52V Cu2+ CuCl Cu 0.561V 0.117V c.f.: 2 SOHOCu 42 ⎯+ ⎯→CuSO 4 ++ 2OHCu In an aqueous solution ： E Θ(right) ＞ E Θ(left) ， Cu + disproportionates 2Cu + Cu2++Cu ， =1.0 ×10 K 6 2 HCl2OCu ⎯+ ⎯→2CuCl(s) + 2OH