Inventory costs are important to consider Inventory turnover(存货周转率, the number of times that inventory is sold in a one-year period 年内存货销售的次数 inventory turnover- cost of goods sold(年销售额) average inventory(年平均库存) 存货周转率高,库存管理的效率高;反之,意味着 库存占用资金量大(一般而言,越高越好) But,并非周转率越高就越好, low inventory turnover high inventory carrying costs, little(or no) stockout costs, high inventory turnover= low inventory carrying costs, high stockout costs Managing the tradeoff is important to maintain service levels 9-11
9-11 Inventory costs are important to consider average inventory ( ) cost of goods sold( ) inventory tureover 年平均库存 年销售额 = Inventory turnover(存货周转率), the number of times that inventory is sold in a one-year period 一年内存货销售的次数 存货周转率高，库存管理的效率高；反之，意味着 库存占用资金量大(一般而言,越高越好) But,并非周转率越高就越好， low inventory turnover = high inventory carrying costs, little (or no) stockout costs ，high inventory turnover = low inventory carrying costs, high stockout costs Managing the tradeoff is important to maintain service levels
2库存类型 Inventory Classifications Psychic stock心理库存 to stimulates demand Cycle or base stock周转库存 to satisfy normal demand during the course of an order cvcle Safety or buffer stock安全库存(缓冲库存) to guard against uncertainty in demand and/or lead time Pipeline or in- transit stock管道库存(在途库存) en route between various nodes in a logistics system Speculative stock投机性库存 for seasonal demand, projected price increases, and potential shortage of product
9-12 2.库存类型 Inventory Classifications Psychic stock 心理库存 – to stimulates demand Cycle or base stock 周转库存 – to satisfy normal demand during the course of an order cycle Safety or buffer stock 安全库存（缓冲库存） – to guard against uncertainty in demand and/or lead time Pipeline or in-transit stock管道库存（在途库存） – en route between various nodes in a logistics system Speculative stock 投机性库存 – for seasonal demand, projected price increases, and potential shortage of product