Rate of gray matter loss Normal adolescents Adolescents with schizophrenia Average annual loss BOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY,Fourth Edition,Figure 16.4 e200 Smver Auodate he
(d0 (e) CA2 Organized CA1 CA3 2 Dentate gyrus Disorganized BOL OGICAL PSYCHOLOGY,Fourth Edition,Figure 16.5 (Part 2)o2004 Snauoe Assocaos.ie
(f)Normal control (g)A patient with schizophrenia BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY.Fouth Edition,Figure 16.5 (Part 3)2004 Smaur Aanocatt ine
(a)At rest (b)During card-sorting task Normals Normals Left Right aRRErEPFRS99323 Left Right 精6S8NG a Schiz Schiz Hypofrontality hypothesis Discordant twins:low frontal blood flow only in affected twin Wisconsin card sorting task Schizophrenics can't shift attn.to other criterion Functional imaging:frontal lobe activity lower at rest,esp.in right hemisphere,does not increase during task. Drug treatment increased activation of frontal lobes
• Hypofrontality hypothesis – Discordant twins: low frontal blood flow only in affected twin – Wisconsin card sorting task • Schizophrenics can’t shift attn. to other criterion • Functional imaging: frontal lobe activity lower at rest, esp. in right hemisphere, does not increase during task. • Drug treatment increased activation of frontal lobes
遗传因素：亲缘关系、多基因遗传病 父母：5.6%，同胞：10.1%，子女：12.8% 双胞胎：同卵双生50%(3倍于异卵双生) 分子遗传学最主要的异常基因： NOREPINEPHRINE SEROTONIN Neuregulin 1---NMDA,GABA&Ach受体 Anxiety Obsessions Dysbindin---突触可塑性 Alertness tmpulse Compufsions Concentration Irritability Memory Catechol--O-methyl transferase---DA代谢 Energy Mood G2-谷氨酸能神经突触活动 Cognitive Function Others------myelination,glial function Appetite Attention Sex Aggression 神经生化： DA系统功能失调假说 Pleasure Reward Motivation/Drive 5-HT-DA系统平衡失调假说 DOPAMINE NMDA受体功能低下假说
遗传因素：亲缘关系、多基因遗传病 父母：5.6%，同胞：10.1%，子女：12.8% 双胞胎：同卵双生50%（3倍于异卵双生） 分子遗传学最主要的异常基因: Neuregulin 1------NMDA, GABA & Ach 受体 Dysbindin------突触可塑性 Catechol-O-methyl transferase------ DA 代谢 G72------谷氨酸能神经突触活动 Others------myelination, glial function 神经生化：DA系统功能失调假说 5-HT--DA系统平衡失调假说 NMDA受体功能低下假说