北京师范大学 教育研究方法讲座糸列(2): 教育政策研究 第七讲 教育政策实施过程的研究(一)
第七讲 教育政策实施过程的研究(一) 北京师范大学 教育研究方法讲座系列 (2): 教育政策研究
Third Edition, Expanded IMPLEMENTATION Jeffrey L. Pressman Aaron wildavsky How Great Expectations in Washington Are Dashed in Oakland: Or, Why It's Amazing g th Federal Programs Work at All This Being a Saga of the Economic Development Administration Told by Two Sympathetic Observer Who Seek to Build Morals on a Foundation of Ruined Hopes The Oakland project
The Top-down or Bottom-up Debate
(A) The Top-down or Bottom–up Debate
Theories of Policy Implementation: An Overview The rational-technical and top-down approach: It indicates theoretical orientations taking implementation as a separate stage of the policy cycle, which is characterized as an enforcement and execution of the state's policy decision The interpretive and bottom-up approach: It summarizes theoretical orientations conceiving implementation as process of interpretations, figuring out what to do and delivering concrete services to program/policy recipients on diverse localities and situations by street-level bureaucrats"within different organizational setting
The rational-technical and top-down approach: It indicates theoretical orientations taking implementation as a separate stage of the policy cycle, which is characterized as an enforcement and execution of the state’s policy decision. The interpretive and bottom-up approach: It summarizes theoretical orientations conceiving implementation as process of interpretations, figuring out what to do and delivering concrete services to program/policy recipients on diverse localities and situations by “street-level bureaucrats” within different organizational setting. Theories of Policy Implementation: An Overview
Theories of Policy Implementation: An Overview The top-down and bottom-up synthesis approach: It characterizes theoretical orientations perceiving implementation as process of constituting coalition, structuration, networking, learning or institutionalization, within which various parties in a specific policy domain/area strive to realize a policy, program or project in a contextot complexity
The top-down and bottom-up synthesis approach: It characterizes theoretical orientations perceiving implementation as process of constituting coalition, structuration, networking, learning or institutionalization, within which various parties in a specific policy domain/area strive to realize a policy, program or project in a context of complexity. Theories of Policy Implementation: An Overview