Company(1)第3讲心理实验的变量与控制Variables and their controlChapter3ResearchTechnigues:Experiments
Company LOGO 第3讲 心理实验的变量与控制（1） Variables and their control Chapter 3 Research Techniques: Experiments
Outline内容框架一、心理实验的含义与基本形式二、心理实验中的变量及其控制自变量的种类与控制（IV）因变量的种类与控制（DV）干扰变量及其控制（CV）ConfoundingVariables(CV))
Outline 内 容 框 架 ❖一、心理实验的含义与基本形式 ❖二、心理实验中的变量及其控制 ▪自变量的种类与控制(IV) ▪因变量的种类与控制(DV) ▪干扰变量及其控制(CV） ▪ Confounding Variables(CV))
一节心理实验的含义与基本形式心理实验及其类型（一）心理实验是指在严密控制的条件下，有组织地逐次变化条件，对相伴随的心理现象的变化进行观察，记录和测定，从而确定条件与心理现象之间关系的方法。P33严密控制，实验条件，心理现象，因果关系研究的三种水平：描述水平，相关水平，因果水平）P23&P28
一节 心理实验的含义与基本形式 一、心理实验及其类型 （一）心理实验是指在严密控制的条件下，有 组织地逐次变化条件，对相伴随的心理现象 的变化进行观察，记录和测定，从而确定条 件与心理现象之间关系的方法。P33 严密控制，实验条件，心理现象，因果关系 （研究的三种水平：描述水平，相关水平，因 果水平）P23 ＆P28
ExperimentalResearchOverviewandMajorFeaturesAnindependentvariable(IV)is manipulatedAdependentvariable(s)(DV)ismeasuredMany basicexperimentsconsistoftwo groupsoftheindependentvariableexperimentalgroupcontrolgroupControloverextraneousvariablesholding constantrandomizingeffectsAcausalrelationshipbetweentheindependentanddependentvariablescanbeestablished
Experimental Research Overview and Major Features ❖ An independent variable (IV) is manipulated ❖ A dependent variable(s) (DV) is measured ❖ Many basic experiments consist of two groups of the independent variable • experimental group • control group ❖ Control over extraneous variables • holding constant • randomizing effects ❖ A causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables can be established
ExperimentalMethodMethod of manipulating one set of variables(independentvariables:M,while observing andmeasuringthe effect on another set of variables(dependentvariables:DV,withotherfactorsequivalent(randomandcontrolvariables)If the DV changes significantly when we manipulate theIV, we may infer that the IV has a causal relationship totheDVMostly Behavioural, Cognitive (e.g.,The Stroop Effect)andBiologicalparadigms
Experimental Method ❖ Method of manipulating one set of variables (independent variables: IV), while observing and measuring the effect on another set of variables (dependent variables: DV), with other factors equivalent (random and control variables) ❖ If the DV changes significantly when we manipulate the IV, we may infer that the IV has a causal relationship to the DV ❖ Mostly Behavioural, Cognitive (e.g., The Stroop Effect) and Biological paradigms