结构的三个层次：构造、构型和构象构造异构一一碳干异构、位置异构、官能团异构构型异构一一对映异构和非对映异构构象异构
结构的三个层次：构造、构型和构象 构造异构——碳干异构、位置异构、官能团异构 构型异构——对映异构和非对映异构 构象异构
1.3 Types of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms10CH31030201410CH3—CH2—CH-C=CH3CH3CH31010
1.3 Types of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms CH3 CH2 CH C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 1 o 1 o 1 o 1 o 1 o 2 o 3 o 4 o
2 Nomenclature of alkanes2.1 Common name正丁烷CH:CHCH,CH3正十四烷CH3(CH2)12CH3异己烷CH3CHCH,CH2CH3CH3
2 Nomenclature of alkanes 2.1 Common name CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 正丁烷 CH3(CH2) 12 CH3 正十四烷 CH3 CHCH2 CH2 CH3 异己烷 CH3
2.2 Systemic name (IUPAC name)Alkyl groups:结构英文名中文名甲基methylCH3-CH3CH2-乙基ethyl一正丙基propylCH3CH2CH2-CH3CH-一异丙基isopropylCH3
2.2 Systemic name (IUPAC name) Alkyl groups： 结构 中文名 英文名 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH CH3 甲基 乙基 正丙基 异丙基 methyl ethyl propyl isopropyl
丁基n-butylCHCH,CH,CH2-CH3CHCH2异丁基i-butylCH3CH3CH2CH-仲丁基sec-butylCH3CH3CCH3叔丁基tert-butylCH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 CHCH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3 丁基 异丁基 仲丁基 叔丁基 n-butyl i-butyl sec-butyl tert-butyl