Chapter 2Alkanes
Chapter 2 Alkanes
Saturated (alkanes)Open chainAlkenes(aliphatic)unsaturatedConjugated dieneshydrocarbonsAliphatic cyclicAlkynesyclicAromatic
Open chain (aliphatic) Saturated (alkanes) unsaturated Alkenes Conjugated dienes Alkynes Cyclic Aliphatic cyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons{ { { {
1 Homologous Series and Isomerism ofAlkanes1.1Homologous Series同系列：具有同一分子通式和相同结构特征的一系列化合物。同系列中各化合物互为同系物系差：相邻两个同系物的组成差（如CH2)C,H2n+2eg. CH4, C,He, C,H, C,Hio
1 Homologous Series and Isomerism of Alkanes 1.1 Homologous Series 同系列: 具有同一分子通式和相同结构特征的一系列 化合物。同系列中各化合物互为同系物 系 差: 相邻两个同系物的组成差(如CH2) eg. CH4 , C2H6 , C3H8 , C4H10 ., CnH2n+2
1.2 IsomerismC.HioCH3CHCH3CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3Butane(b.p.-0.5℃)Isobutane (b.p.-10.2℃)Structural Isomers
1.2 Isomerism C4H10 Butane(b.p.-0.5℃) Isobutane (b.p.-10.2℃) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CHCH3 CH3 Structural Isomers
CsH12CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3Pentane(b.p.36)CH3CH3CHCH2CH3CH3CCH3CH3CH3Neopentane(b.p.9.5C)Isopentane(b.p.28C)
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 C5 H12 CH3 CHCH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 CCH3 CH3 CH3 Pentane(b.p.36℃) Isopentane(b.p.28℃) Neopentane(b.p.9.5℃)