Consumers are the centre of product development in the food industry, directly in the design of consumer products and indirectly in the design of commodity products and industrial products. In industrial product development, the emphasis is on the immediate customer, but consideration needs to be given to the acceptance of the final product by the consumer. It is important in product development to understand basic consumer behaviour and food choice as well as the individual product/consumer relationship(Earle, 1997). Differences among

The ability of a company to build a knowledge core and continuously create new nowledge is critical to the success of product development. There are four areas where knowledge is needed for product development the different cultures of the world their needs wants and attitudes. and how they can assimilate and absorb new products

The PD Process coordinates the specific research activities such as product design, process development, engineering plant design, marketing strategy and desig with the aim of producing an integrated approach to the development of new products. The overall aim is to create a product that an individual consumer or a food manufacturing company or food service organisation will buy. The two parts of product development-the knowledge of the consumer's needs/wants and the knowledge of modern scientific discoveries and technological

Product development does not occur in isolation as a separate functional activity. It is a company philosophy, a basic company strategy and a multifunctional company activity. In recent years to show this all-encompassing basis, bringing together product, process, marketing and organisational innovations, there has been development of an overall innovation strategy. This innovation strategy is related to the company's overall business aims and strategy, as well as the social, economic and technological environment, and the company's own knowledge and skills. The business strategy also includes a duct strategy outlining the products of the future. The combination of the innovation and product strategies is the basis for the product development strategy, and from this can be developed

The aim of this chapter is to identify the important factors in food product development to be studied in detail in the succeeding chapters. Firstly the different groups of food products are identified as a basis for organising product strategy. Then the published research on the factors in product failure and product success in all types of industries is used to identify the key factors in food product development. This leads into the management of product development at three different levels:

杨陵职业技术学院：《发酵与酿造工艺学》腐乳发酵和腐乳生产中常见的质量问题

掌握腐乳的定义、类型、特点，了解生产腐乳所用原料，掌握腐乳坯制造的基本工艺

• 一、酒精发酵原料 • 二、与酒清发酵有关的微生物 • 三、酒精发酵生化机制 • 四、酒精发酵工艺 • 五、酒精蒸馏与精馏

• 一、原料处理设备 • 二、固体发酵设备 • 三、机械搅拌通风发酵罐(生物反应器) • 四、空气净化系统 • 五、培养基灭菌系统 • 六、产物分离与提取设备

菌种衰退的基本原因是变异，变异是不可避免的，而减缓变异速度则是可能的。变异速度与菌种所处的环境有密切的关系，不良环境条件能促进变异，频繁或过多传代也是造成衰退变异的重要原因。为菌种创造良好条件，减缓菌种衰退，这就是菌种保藏与复壮工作