A concept is a category under which specific elements may be grouped.e.g. a red ball, a red pencil, and a red chair are all instances of the simple concept “red”. An “even number” is defined as any integer（整数） that is divisible by two without a remainder, and that an “odd number” is one that is not evenly(均匀地） divisible by two

Constructivism are based on the idea that, unlike a computer disk or an empty container, students do not wait passively to be filled up with knowledge. Rather, students actively build, or construct, their own knowledge.Teachers cannot entirely control their students’ learning, expert teachers can do much to facilitate students’ own active learning processes. (Cobb,2000)

The educator’s job is not increase motivation per se(本身）but to discover, initiate, and sustain student’s motivation to learn, and to engage in activities that lead to learning

Moral development is the process by which individuals acquire a sense of right and wrong, to use in evaluating their own actions and the actions of others

Learning strategies are specific methods of learning information that help them learn and remember things. The four commonly observed trends in the development of learning strategies

第一节化学教学论的设课目的和任务 化学教学论是研究化学教育教学规律及 其应用的一门学科，使高等师范学院化学系 学生的必修课之一

福建中医药大学（福建中医学院）：《心理咨询》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）第五单元 积极关注（林榕发）

一、课程评价如何定义？ 二、课程评价的功能或作用是什么？ 三、课程评价的对象是什么？

随着课程决策权力与责任的变化，学校 日益成为课程开发的责任主体，校本课 程开发也日益成为我国课程实施研究的 重要课题

一、教学模式概述 （一）教学模式的概念 教学模式就是在某一教学思想和教学原理的指导下，围绕某一主题，为实现教学目标而形成的相对稳定的规范化教学程序和操作体系