MODERN MANAGEMENT Time-pressure/creativity matrix TIme Pressure Low High High Creative thinking under low time pressure is more likely Creative thinking under extreme time pressure is more likely when when people feel as if they are on an expedition.They: people feel as if they are on a mission.They: show creative thinking that is more oriented toward can focus on one activity for a significant part of the day because they generating or exploring ideas than identifying problems. are undisturbed or protected. tend to collaborate with one person rather than with a believe that they are doing important work and report feeling group. positively challenged by and involved in the work. show creative thinking that is equally oriented toward identifying problems and generating or exploring ideas LIkellhood of Creativel Creative thinking under low time pressure is Creative thinking under extreme time preasure is unlikely when people ThInking unlikely when people feel as if they are on feel as if they are on a treadmill.They: autopilot.They: .feel distracted. receive little encouragement from senior experience a highly fragmented workday,with many different Low management to be creative. activities. tend to have more meetings and discussions don't get the sense that the work they are doing is important. with groups rather than with individuals. feel more pressed for time than when they are"on a mission"even engage in less collaborative work overall. though they work the same number of hours. tend to have more meetings and diacussions withgroups rather than with individuals. .experience lots of last-minute changea in their plans and schedules
Modern ManageMent Time-pressure/creativity matrix Creative thinking under low time pressure is more likely when people feel as if they are on an expedition. They: • show creative thinking that is more oriented toward generating or exploring ideas than identifying problems. • tend to collaborate with one person rather than with a group. Creative thinking under extreme time pressure is more likely when people feel as if they are on a mission. They: • can focus on one activity for a significant part of the day because they are undisturbed or protected. • believe that they are doing important work and report feeling positively challenged by and involved in the work. • show creative thinking that is equally oriented toward identifying problems and generating or exploring ideas. Creative thinking under low time pressure is unlikely when people feel as if they are on autopilot. They: • receive little encouragement from senior management to be creative. • tend to have more meetings and discussions with groups rather than with individuals. • engage in less collaborative work overall. Creative thinking under extreme time pressure is unlikely when people feel as if they are on a treadmill. They: • feel distracted. • experience a highly fragmented workday, with many different activities. • don't get the sense that the work they are doing is important. • feel more pressed for time than when they are "on a mission" even though they work the same number of hours. • tend to have more meetings and discussions withgroups rather than with individuals. • experience lots of last-minute changes in their plans and schedules. High High Low Low Time Pressure Likelihood of Creative Thinking
MODERN MANAGEMENT 4.Establish Diverse Work Groups Work groups that are characterized by members with a diversity of perspectives and backgrounds tend to be more creative than groups characterized by members who have similar backgrounds and perspectives. Members of a work group should: vshare excitement for accomplishing the group's work goal(s) be willing to help each other through difficult periods and setbacks v recognize and respect the differences of unique knowledge and perspective that each group member possesses
Modern ManageMent 4. Establish Diverse Work Groups § Work groups that are characterized by members with a diversity of perspectives and backgrounds tend to be more creative than groups characterized by members who have similar backgrounds and perspectives. § Members of a work group should: üshare excitement for accomplishing the group’s work goal(s) ü be willing to help each other through difficult periods and setbacks ürecognize and respect the differences of unique knowledge and perspective that each group member possesses
MODERN MANAGEMENT 5.Personally Encourage Workers Managers should personally encourage organization members to be creative. Such encouragement assures organization members that creativity is important to the organization and that management values creative efforts,even those that at times may be unsuccessful
Modern ManageMent 5. Personally Encourage Workers § Managers should personally encourage organization members to be creative. § Such encouragement assures organization members that creativity is important to the organization and that management values creative efforts, even those that at times may be unsuccessful
MODERN MANAGEMENT 6.Establish Systems Support Organizational systems and procedures should clearly support organization member creativity. "Managers who are trustworthy and provide employees with developmental feedback help increase employee creativity. At Coca-Cola,being creative is considered an everyday activity,not an activity initiated by some new program or an activity focused on only from time to time. Instead,at Coca-Cola creativity is a constant theme supported throughout the very fabric of the company, including the way organization members interact through meetings and problemsolving collaboration
Modern ManageMent 6. Establish Systems Support § Organizational systems and procedures should clearly support organization member creativity. § Managers who are trustworthy and provide employees with developmental feedback help increase employee creativity. At Coca-Cola, being creative is considered an everyday activity, not an activity initiated by some new program or an activity focused on only from time to time. Instead, at Coca-Cola creativity is a constant theme supported throughout the very fabric of the company, including the way organization members interact through meetings and problemsolving collaboration
MODERN MANAGEMENT 7.Hire and Retain Creative People Creative people tend to be. .free spirited .open to new opportunities .unorthodox .flexible decision makers .quiet .open to taking risk .introverted .persistent .emotional .tolerant of ambiguity .challenging reality .perceptive .outrageous .willing to grow .intuitive .willing to change playful .tolerant of criticism Characteristics of .humorous .moderately concemed with failure creative people .different .trying new things
Modern ManageMent 7. Hire and Retain Creative People