Source, Transfer and Storage of EnergyAdenosinetriphosphate (ATP)-the most important high-energy compound-functions as an intracellularenergy source, the“energy currency" in metabolismphosphorylcreatine (CrP)- functions as an accessory storage depot for energy of ATP and for buffering theconcentrationofATP-threetoeighttimesasabundantasATPTHEreversibleinterrelationbetweenATPandCrPCrP+ADP=ATP+CreatinekeepsATPathighlevelaslongasanyCrPremains
Source, Transfer and Storage of Energy • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - the most important high-energy compound - functions as an intracellular energy source, the “energy currency” in metabolism • phosphorylcreatine (CrP) - functions as an accessory storage depotfor energy of ATP and for buffering the concentration of ATP - three to eight times as abundant as ATP • THE reversible interrelation between ATP and CrP CrP + ADP = ATP + Creatine keeps ATP at high level as long as any CrP remains
To start from BODY WEIGHT CONTROL.EatLess=WeightLossEatMore=WeightGainEnergy matters!O
To start from BODY WEIGHT CONTROL. Eat Less = Weight Loss Eat More = Weight Gain Energy matters!
Source, Transfer and Storage of EnergyThebodyweight-changescanregulatethebodyenergystores-toremainstable,totalenergyexpenditure=totalenergyintakeEnergyintake-the energy containedininfested foodEnergyexpenditure-internalheatproduction,externalwork,netmolecularsynthesis(energystorage)InNormalconditionsEnergyformfoodintake=Internalheatproduced+Externalwork+EnergystoredExceptinsomediseases,e.g.diabetesmellitus:urinarylossesoforganicmolecules
Source, Transfer and Storage of Energy • The body weight - changes can regulate the body energy stores - to remain stable, total energy expenditure = total energy intake • Energy intake - the energy contained in infested food • Energy expenditure - internal heat production, external work, net molecular synthesis( energy storage) • In Normal conditions Energy form food intake = Internal heat produced + External work + Energy stored Except in some diseases, e.g. diabetes mellitus: urinary losses of organic molecules
Source, Transfer and Storage of EnergyBodyweight+Totalbodyenergycontent-thebodyweight:determinedbytheamountoffat,carbohydrate,protein,waterboneandothermineralsinthebody- different materials have different energy content: 1g fat ~9kcal, 1g carbohydate~4kcal-aging:againoffatandalossofproteinBodyweight inadults is usually regulated arounda setting point-relativelyconstant-reflexlyadjustcaloricintakeand/orenergyexpenditureinresponsetochangesinbodyweight-metabolicresistance→a dietary-inducedchangeintotal-bodyenergy storestriggers,in negativefeedback fashion,an alteration in energy expenditurethat opposes thegainorloss ofenergy stores
Source, Transfer and Storage of Energy • Body weight ≠ Total body energy content - the body weight: determined by the amount of fat, carbohydrate, protein, water bone and other minerals in the body - different materials have different energy content: 1g fat ~ 9kcal, 1g carbohydate ~ 4kcal - aging: a gain of fat and a loss of protein • Body weight in adults is usually regulated around a setting point - relatively constant - reflexly adjust caloric intake and/or energy expenditure in response to changes in body weight - metabolic resistance → a dietary-induced change in total-body energy stores triggers, in negative feedback fashion, an alteration in energy expenditure that opposes the gain or loss of energy stores
Source, Transfer and Storage of EnergyENERGYBALANCEINTHEBODYENERGYINPUTENERGYOUTPUTDIET·Hunger/appetiteHEAT(~50%).SatietyUnregulated.SocialandThermoregulationpsychologicalfactorsWORK(-50%)TransportacrossmembranesMechanicalwork·MovementChemicalwork·Synthesisforgrowthandmaintenance·Energystorage.High-energyphosphatebonds(ATPphosphocreatine).Chemicalbonds(glycogen,fat)
Source, Transfer and Storage of Energy