WELCOMETOHumanPhysiology(LECTURESESSION)Department of PhysiologyYangzhou University School of MedicineSpring2020
WELCOME TO Human Physiology (LECTURE SESSION) Department of Physiology Yangzhou University School of Medicine Spring 2020
Whatarethefundamental characteristics of a livingorganism?1.Metabolism2.Excitability3.Reproduction
What are the fundamental characteristics of a living organism? 1. Metabolism 2. Excitability 3. Reproduction
Metabolism:ChemicalReactionsin the body's cells that convert the fuel from food into theenergy needed to do everything from moving to thinking togrowingTwotypes:1.Catabolic:largemoleculesbreakdowntosmallones2.AnabolicsimplemoleculesgoestocomplexonesPurpose:1.Energy(ATP)production2.Makingbuildingblocks(aminoacidsandnucleicacidsetc.)
Two types: 1.Catabolic: large molecules breakdown to small ones 2.Anabolic: simple molecules goes to complex ones Purpose: 1.Energy (ATP) production 2.Making building blocks (amino acids and nucleic acids etc.)
Metabolism=lifeMetabolism is a constantprocess that begins when we'reconceivedand ends when wedie.It is a vital process forall lifeforms -notjusthumans.If metabolism stops,a living thing dies.Thereason isthat all living cells need Metabolism,e.g--Neurons diewithinminuteswithoutO2and Glucose--Musclecells can notcontractwithoutATP--Cells can not dividewithoutnewlyproducedamino acids
Metabolism = life The reason is that all living cells need Metabolism, e.g. - Neurons die within minutes without O2 and Glucose - Muscle cells can not contract without ATP - Cells can not divide without newly produced amino acids
GlycolysisvsKrebsCycleGlycolysisintheCytoplasmCitricAcidCycleElectron TransportChainintheglucoseCeMitochondria42ATPADPEnergyglucose6-phosphateC-Pvestlientstage2HNAO+IW+o,H/0fructose6-phosphateCg-PATPNADHCO2ADPBRNAD+2xglyceraldehyde 3-phosphateP-C32NAD-Ketoglutarate CsNAD+2.NADHCitrateC,2x13-biphosphoglycerateP-CrP2ADPKrebsCycleLADZATPCO22x 3-phosphoglycerateP-C34ATPEneegySuccinate C,Oxaloacetate CH20Harvestingstage2xphosphoenolpyruvateP-CNet Gain:2ADPFumarate C,2ATPNADHFADH2ATPNAD:2xpyruvateP.C3COAlactate