上海交通大学：《拉丁语》课程教学资源_第十四讲

CAPITVLVM QVARTVM DECIMVM CAP.XIV 第十四讲 ● 动名词 ● 间接命令句 ● 复合动词（(compound verb) Paulus and Lucia(XIV) Part 1语法 一动名词 1动名词与形动词 第九讲介绍的将来时被动态分词，又称形动词(Gerundives)。它是由动词现在时不定式 词千加上词尾-ndus,-nda-ndum构成的一种动词性形容词。除了偶尔用作形容词，如liber legendus a book to be read,.lego,legere to read,形动词常常用于“被动迂说法”(hic liber legendus est.this book should be read.) 动名词(Gerund)则是一种动词性名词。它在形式上类似于形动词，也由动词现在时不 定式词干加-ndus,nda,-ndum构成。但它只有四种形式：中性单数的属格、与格、宾格和 夺格。需要注意，动名词其形式虽与形动词相应的格相同，但其含义是主动的，对应于英 语中以“-ing”结尾的动名词(legendi,of reading,magnum amorem legendi habet..He has a great love of reading.) 2动名词的变格 以下是一些拉丁语例词完整的动名词变格 acc. laudandum ducendum sequendum audiendum （praising leading following hearing） gen. laudandi ducendi sequendi audiendi (ofpraising,ect.） dat. laudando ducendo sequendo audiendo to/for praising,ect.) abl. laudando ducendo sequendo audiendo by praising,ect.) 3动名词的用法 vivo,vivere,vixi,victum be alive,live Studium vivendi cum amicis fondness of living with friends. Gen. Operam dat vivendo bene.he gives attention to living well. Dat Athenas iit ad vivendum bene.he went to Athens to live well. Acc. Feliciores fimus vivendo bene.we become happier by living well.Abl. 详细例句见下：

CAPITVLVM QVARTVM DECIMVM CAP.XIV 第十四讲  动名词  间接命令句  复合动词（compound verb）  Paulus and Lucia(XIV) Part 1 语法 一 动名词 1 动名词与形动词 第九讲介绍的将来时被动态分词，又称形动词(Gerundives)。它是由动词现在时不定式 词干加上词尾-ndus,-nda, -ndum 构成的一种动词性形容词。除了偶尔用作形容词，如 liber legendus a book to be read, lego, legere to read,形动词常常用于“被动迂说法”（hic liber legendus est. this book should be read.） 动名词(Gerund) 则是一种动词性名词。它在形式上类似于形动词，也由动词现在时不 定式词干加-ndus, -nda, -ndum 构成。但它只有四种形式：中性单数的属格、与格、宾格和 夺格。需要注意，动名词其形式虽与形动词相应的格相同，但其含义是主动的，对应于英 语中以“-ing”结尾的动名词（legendi, of reading, magnum amorem legendi habet. He has a great love of reading.） 2 动名词的变格 以下是一些拉丁语例词完整的动名词变格 acc. laudandum ducendum sequendum audiendum （praising leading following hearing ） gen. laudandi ducendi sequendi audiendi ( of praising, ect. ) dat. laudando ducendo sequendo audiendo ( to/for praising, ect.) abl. laudando ducendo sequendo audiendo ( by praising, ect.) 3 动名词的用法 vivo, vivere, vixi, victum be alive, live Studium vivendi cum amicis fondness of living with friends. Gen. Operam dat vivendo bene. he gives attention to living well. Dat. Athenas iit ad vivendum bene. he went to Athens to live well. Acc. Feliciores fimus vivendo bene. we become happier by living well. Abl. 详细例句见下：

CAPITVLVM QVARTVM DECIMVM CAP.XIV 属格 Caesar hortandi finem fecit.凯撤结束了训话。(hortor,.hortari,hortatus sum 1 DEP encourage;cheer,finis,finis 3 N boundary,end) Causa discendi venimus.我们因学习而来。(disco-ere3,learn) Nullum locum nocendi eis dedimus..We gave no place of harm to them我们设有给他们为害 的余地。(noceo-ere,nocui,,nocitum2 with DAT,harm,hrt;injure,do dare dedi datum I give; eis dat./abl.he/they) Studium vinendi cum amicis.喜欢和朋友同住。 与格 Student scribendo libros..他们在从事写书。(studeo-ere,studui2 desire,be eager for;.busy oneself with:注意student是studeo的现在时复数they are busy themselves with;而不是英语 中的student!) Scribendo operam dat..他专心书写。 Manus labotando aptae sunt..手是宜于劳作的。 Auqa utilis est bibendo.水可用于饮用。 动名词与格往往与支配与格的动词、形容词连用。如：studere,operam dare,aptus,par partis(足以胜任的) 宾格 Ad adiendum venit.他为听讲而来。 Ad videndum urbem venimus.我们来看城市。 Homines ad videndum venerunt.人们来看。 Haec sunt utilia ad bene vivendum.这都是有益于好好地生活的。 Manus aptae sunt ad labotandu.双手宜于工作。 注意：动名词不能作直接宾语，常和要求宾格的介词d连用，往往用以表达“目的”。 这种表示“目的”的句子也可以用动名词属格加上名词“causa,-ae”的夺格causa来表达， 如上例 Auddiendi causa venit.ad audiendum venit. Homines videndi causa venerunt.homines ad videndum venerunt. Urbem videndi causa venimus.ad videndum urbem venimus. 夺格 Scribere scribendo discimus.我们用写作来学习写作。 Errando discimus vitare errorem.我们从错误中学习避免错误。 Maximae res non expectando sed agendo conficuntur..伟大的事业不是靠等待而是靠行动 完成。 Diligentia in legendo Marcus laudatus est..Macus因勤奋阅读而受到称赞。 Fatigatius es ex lagorando.你工作累了。 动名词夺格可单独用来表示方法、原因，也可以与in,ab,de,ex等要求夺格的介词连用。 动名词没有主格形式，这一功能由不定式来代替，不定式也是一种动词性名词。 Superare est gratum.获胜总是令人高兴。 Errare est humanum.人皆有错

CAPITVLVM QVARTVM DECIMVM CAP.XIV 属格 Caesar hortandi finem fecit. 凯撒结束了训话。( hortor, hortari, hortatus sum 1 DEP encourage; cheer; finis, finis 3 N boundary, end) Causa discendi venimus. 我们因学习而来。（disco-ere 3, learn） Nullum locum nocendi eis dedimus. We gave no place of harm to them 我们没有给他们为害 的余地。（noceo-ere, nocui, nocitum 2 with DAT, harm, hurt; injure; do dare dedi datum 1 give; eis dat./abl. he/they） Studium vinendi cum amicis. 喜欢和朋友同住。 与格 Student scribendo libros. 他们在从事写书。( studeo-ere, studui 2 desire, be eager for; busy oneself with;注意 student 是 studeo 的现在时复数 they are busy themselves with; 而不是英语 中的 student ! ) Scribendo operam dat. 他专心书写。 Manus labotando aptae sunt. 手是宜于劳作的。 Auqa utilis est bibendo. 水可用于饮用。 动名词与格往往与支配与格的动词、形容词连用。如：studere , operam dare, aptus, par partis (足以胜任的) 宾格 Ad adiendum venit. 他为听讲而来。 Ad videndum urbem venimus. 我们来看城市。 Homines ad videndum venerunt. 人们来看。 Haec sunt utilia ad bene vivendum. 这都是有益于好好地生活的。 Manus aptae sunt ad labotandum. 双手宜于工作。 注意：动名词不能作直接宾语，常和要求宾格的介词 ad 连用，往往用以表达“目的”。 这种表示“目的”的句子也可以用动名词属格加上名词“causa, -ae”的夺格 causa 来表达， 如上例 Auddiendi causa venit. = ad audiendum venit. Homines videndi causa venerunt. = homines ad videndum venerunt. Urbem videndi causa venimus.= ad videndum urbem venimus. 夺格 Scribere scribendo discimus. 我们用写作来学习写作。 Errando discimus vitare errorem. 我们从错误中学习避免错误。 Maximae res non expectando sed agendo conficuntur. 伟大的事业不是靠等待而是靠行动 完成。 Diligentia in legendo Marcus laudatus est. Macus 因勤奋阅读而受到称赞。 Fatigatius es ex lagorando. 你工作累了。 动名词夺格可单独用来表示方法、原因，也可以与 in, ab, de, ex 等要求夺格的介词连用。 动名词没有主格形式，这一功能由不定式来代替，不定式也是一种动词性名词。 Superare est gratum. 获胜总是令人高兴。 Errare est humanum. 人皆有错

CAPITVLVM QVARTVM DECIMVM CAP.XIV Videre est credere.眼见为实。 4动名词短语与形动词短语 作为动词性名词，动名词可以带有动词所要求的宾语。如： Studium legendi libroes.Fondness of reading book. Discimus legendo libros.We learn by reading books. 但实际情况是，如果动名词后接宾语，罗马人更愿意用形动词短语来表示，这两种情 形的英语翻译是一样的。例如： Studium legendi libroes Stadium librorum legendorum. Fondness of reading book Operam dat legendo libros Operam da libris legendis. He gives attention to reading books. Discimus legendo libros. Discimus libris legendis. We learn by reading books. Hoc locutus est de legendo libros. Hoc locutus est de libris legendis. He said this about reading boos. 此外，拉丁语中常用“ad+形动词/动名词宾格”短语以及后置causa,即“形动词/动名 词属格+causa”来表示目的。例如： Venit ad legendum libres. Venit ad libros legendos. He came to read books. Otium petit legendi libros causa. Otium petit librorum legendorum causa. He seeks leisure for the sake of reading books. 二间接命令句 间接命令句可以看成某种“间接命令”，就像间接陈述和间接问句那样，实际的命令（或要 求、恳求)并不是通过主句中的命令式或祈愿式逐字引用，而是通过从句来间接转述。也就 是说，不是“he ordered them,Do this!”而是he ordered them to do this.在拉丁语中，这 些从句通常由ut和n爬来引导，动词用虚拟式（通常是现在时或未完成时），当翻译为英语 时，往往使用现在时不定式，不带引导词，也不用may、might等助动词。例句如下： Imperat vobis ut hoc faciatis.He commands you(pl.)to do this. Imperavit eis ut hoc facerent.He commanded them to do this. Persuadet eis ut hos faciant.He persuades them to do this

CAPITVLVM QVARTVM DECIMVM CAP.XIV Videre est credere. 眼见为实。 4 动名词短语与形动词短语 作为动词性名词，动名词可以带有动词所要求的宾语。如： Studium legendi libroes. Fondness of reading book. Discimus legendo libros. We learn by reading books. 但实际情况是，如果动名词后接宾语，罗马人更愿意用形动词短语来表示，这两种情 形的英语翻译是一样的。例如： Studium legendi libroes. Stadium librorum legendorum. Fondness of reading book Operam dat legendo libros. Operam da libris legendis. He gives attention to reading books. Discimus legendo libros. Discimus libris legendis. We learn by reading books. Hoc locutus est de legendo libros. Hoc locutus est de libris legendis. He said this about reading boos. 此外，拉丁语中常用“ad +形动词/动名词宾格”短语以及后置 causa,即“形动词/动名 词属格+causa”来表示目的。例如： Venit ad legendum libres. Venit ad libros legendos. He came to read books. Otium petit legendi libros causa. Otium petit librorum legendorum causa. He seeks leisure for the sake of reading books. 二 间接命令句 间接命令句可以看成某种“间接命令”，就像间接陈述和间接问句那样，实际的命令（或要 求、恳求）并不是通过主句中的命令式或祈愿式逐字引用，而是通过从句来间接转述。也就 是说，不是“he ordered them, ‘ Do this’! ”而是 he ordered them to do this. 在拉丁语中，这 些从句通常由 ut 和 ne 来引导，动词用虚拟式（通常是现在时或未完成时），当翻译为英语 时，往往使用现在时不定式，不带引导词，也不用 may、might 等助动词。例句如下： Imperat vobis ut hoc faciatis. He commands you(pl.) to do this. Imperavit eis ut hoc facerent. He commanded them to do this. Persuadet eis ut hos faciant. He persuades them to do this

CAPITVLVM QVARTVM DECIMVM CAP.XIV Petivit ab eis ne hoc facernet.He begged(from)them not dodo this Monuit eos ne hoc facerent.He warded them not to do this. Hortatus est eos ut hoc facerent.He urged them to do this. (hortor,hortari,hortatus sum ldep,异态动词.encourage;cheer,incite,ge） (f acio,facere,feci,factum3/4;现在时人称词尾-iam,ias,iat,iamus,iatis,iant,未完成 时人称词尾： 以上例句中动词imperat,,persuadet,petivit属于“特殊动词”，其后代词用“与格”(vobis, eis)而monuit,.hortatus est后用代词宾格。下面列出另一些能够引导间接命令句的常用动词， 也给出了受命者所要求的格（与格或宾格）： Hortor eum ut...,I urge him to... Impero ei ut...,I order him to Moneo eum ut...,I advise him to... Oro eum ut...,I beg him to... Persuadeo ei ut....I persuade him to... Peto ab eo ut...,I beg (from)him to... quaero ab eo ut...,I request (from/of)him to... rogo eum ut...,I ask him to... Part 2 Paulus and Lucia(XIV) Luciae venatus Interea Lucia venatu,qui fuerat longus et sine praemio,fessa erat.Equus eius quoque erat calidus fessusque.Illa igitur in stagno natare constituerat et nunc per silvam ad stagnum adibat.Gemitu tamen muli audito 'Heus,ecquis hic est?'dicens circumspexit. Nullo ergo respondente,sagitta e pharetra erepta,equum lente ad sonitum duxit.In silva mulum atque relictam Pauli vestem agnoscens,ex equo descendit et arcum sagittamque manu tenens furtim ad stagnum adibat. Paulus,qui mulum audiverat,adhuc caelum contemplabat.Subito vocem'Tolle manus tuas!'audivit.'Qu...qu..qu..quis es?metu balbus rogavit,'Quid vis?' 'Tu-ne anas?'inquit Lucia ridens,simul et arcum sagittamque tenens ex arboribus venit. 'Lucia!Ego Paulus.Nonne me agnoscis?' 'Paulus?' 'Ita vero.Salve,salve!Eheu,tumultu perterritus sum!Vis-ne natare?Age,tibi arcum deponere licet.' 'Cur in hoc loco ades?' Natere volui.Si tibi placet,arcum deponere licet.' 'Semper arcum teneo,'respondit illa. "Tu es sagittaria?rogavit ille. 'Ita certe sum.Pater me tela conicere docuit.Et tu,quo vadis?' 'Ad oppidum.Ignoscas mihi si non licet natare in hoc stagno.' 'Manere tibi licet.' 'Gratias tibi.In quid arcum intendis?' In arborem illam,'inquit Lucia arborem in ulteriore ripa demonstrans

CAPITVLVM QVARTVM DECIMVM CAP.XIV Petivit ab eis ne hoc facernet. He begged(from) them not do do this. Monuit eos ne hoc facerent. He warded them not to do this. Hortatus est eos ut hoc facerent. He urged them to do this. （hortor, hortari, hortatus sum 1dep,异态动词. encourage; cheer; incite; urge） (f acio, facere, feci, factum 3/4; 现在时人称词尾 –iam, ias, iat; iamus, iatis, iant; 未完成 时人称词尾： 以上例句中动词 imperat, persuadet, petivit 属于“特殊动词”，其后代词用“与格”（vobis, eis）而 monuit, hortatus est 后用代词宾格。下面列出另一些能够引导间接命令句的常用动词， 也给出了受命者所要求的格（与格或宾格）： Hortor eum ut…, I urge him to… Impero ei ut…, I order him to Moneo eum ut…, I advise him to… Oro eum ut…, I beg him to… Persuadeo ei ut…, I persuade him to... Peto ab eo ut ..., I beg (from ) him to ... quaero ab eo ut..., I request (from/of) him to... rogo eum ut..., I ask him to... Part 2 Paulus and Lucia (XIV) Luciae venatus Interea Lucia venatu, qui fuerat longus et sine praemio, fessa erat. Equus eius quoque erat calidus fessusque. Illa igitur in stagno natare constituerat et nunc per silvam ad stagnum adibat. Gemitu tamen muli audito 'Heus, ecquis hic est?' dicens circumspexit. Nullo ergo respondente, sagitta e pharetra erepta, equum lente ad sonitum duxit. In silva mulum atque relictam Pauli vestem agnoscens, ex equo descendit et arcum sagittamque manu tenens furtim ad stagnum adibat. Paulus, qui mulum audiverat, adhuc caelum contemplabat. Subito vocem 'Tolle manus tuas!' audivit. 'Qu... qu... qu... quis es?' metu balbus rogavit, 'Quid vis?' 'Tu-ne anas?' inquit Lucia ridens, simul et arcum sagittamque tenens ex arboribus venit. 'Lucia! Ego Paulus. Nonne me agnoscis?' 'Paulus?' 'Ita vero. Salve, salve! Eheu, tumultu perterritus sum! Vis-ne natare? Age, tibi arcum deponere licet.' 'Cur in hoc loco ades?' 'Natere volui. Si tibi placet, arcum deponere licet.' 'Semper arcum teneo,' respondit illa. 'Tu es sagittaria?' rogavit ille. 'Ita certe sum. Pater me tela conicere docuit. Et tu, quo vadis?' 'Ad oppidum. Ignoscas mihi si non licet natare in hoc stagno.' 'Manere tibi licet.' 'Gratias tibi. In quid arcum intendis?' 'In arborem illam,' inquit Lucia arborem in ulteriore ripa demonstrans

CAPITVLVM QVARTVM DECIMVM CAP.XIV 'Numquam illam percuties!'Paulus risit.Luciae tamen telum per auras stridens eundem in arborem adhaesit.Paulus balbus 'Incredibile...mirabile,'inquit.'Tu vera es venatrix.Animalia saepe interficis?' 'Non numquam,'inquit Lucia ridens et stagnum ad sagittam recuperandam circumvenit.'Hodie tamen nihil cepimus.' 'Nisi me!'risit Paulus. Nisi te.Sed bestias multo saeviores quam te vidi. 'Ego bestias omnes amo nec umquam interficio.Sub caelo omnes vivimus,animalia hominesque....' 'Hssh,taceas,quis est ille?'inquit Lucia. 'Quem dicis?' 'Voces audire possum.Ecce quidam ad stagnum adeunt.' Vocabula nova adhaereo-ere-si 2 stick intend vt.想要，打算，意指，意谓 adhere vi.粘附，胶着，坚持 interficio-ere-ci-ctum 3 kill heareo-ere stick inter vt..埋葬，葬，埋 adibat adeo,adire,adivi(ii),aditum 4 approach;visit licet it is permitted agnosco-ere recognize locus-i [m]place agnostic n.[哲]不可知论者 metu abl.metus,metus fear,anxiety anas-atis[日 duck multo saeviores much more savage anatine adj.鸭类的，似鸭的 saevus-a-um, saevior -or-us comp animal-is [n]animal savage;fierce balbus-a-um stammering non numquam sometimes balbuties[医]口吃 numquam adv never calidus-a-um warm nullus not any,no one caliduct n..暖气管 per auras through the air conicio-ere throw,cast aura,aurae breeze,breath (of air),wind: conics n.圆锥曲线论，锥线论 percutio-ere strike,hit constituo-ere-ui-utum 3 decide percuss vt..轻敲，轻叩，[医]仰诊，敲； constitute vt.制定（法律），建立（政府），组成，任命， percussion打击乐器； constitution n.宪法，构造，体质，体格，国体，章 perterritus-a-um thoroughly scared 程，惯例 terrible depono-ere put down pharetra-ae [f] quiver箭袋，箭袋中的箭 depocenter[地质]最大沉积区，沉积中心 praemium-i [n] prize,gift,reward ecquis？ who? quam than eius her,his quem whom eripio-ere-ripui-reptum take out,snatch quidam [nom.]some (men) eundem [acc.]same quo where(to) gemitus,gemitus[n groan,sigh;roaring quoque also furtim adv.stealthily,secretly recupero-are recover,regain heus hey! ripa-ae [f] bank illa(m)she,her,that (fem.) riparial adj..河边的，水滨的 intendo-ere aim at sagittaria-ae [f]archeress

CAPITVLVM QVARTVM DECIMVM CAP.XIV 'Numquam illam percuties !' Paulus risit. Luciae tamen telum per auras stridens eundem in arborem adhaesit. Paulus balbus 'Incredibile ... mirabile,' inquit. 'Tu vera es venatrix. Animalia saepe interficis?' 'Non numquam,' inquit Lucia ridens et stagnum ad sagittam recuperandam circumvenit. 'Hodie tamen nihil cepimus.' 'Nisi me!' risit Paulus. 'Nisi te. Sed bestias multo saeviores quam te vidi.' 'Ego bestias omnes amo nec umquam interficio. Sub caelo omnes vivimus, animalia hominesque....' 'Hssh, taceas, quis est ille?' inquit Lucia. 'Quem dicis?' 'Voces audire possum. Ecce quidam ad stagnum adeunt.' Vocabula nova adhaereo-ere-si 2 stick adhere vi.粘附, 胶着, 坚持 heareo-ere stick adibat adeo, adire, adivi(ii), aditum 4 approach; visit agnosco-ere recognize agnostic n.[哲]不可知论者 anas-atis [f] duck anatine adj. 鸭类的, 似鸭的 animal-is [n] animal balbus-a-um stammering balbuties [医]口吃 calidus-a-um warm caliduct n. 暖气管 conicio-ere throw, cast conics n.圆锥曲线论, 锥线论 constituo-ere-ui-utum 3 decide constitute vt.制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命; constitution n. 宪法, 构造, 体质, 体格, 国体, 章 程, 惯例 depono-ere put down depocenter [地质]最大沉积区, 沉积中心 ecquis? who? eius her, his eripio-ere-ripui-reptum take out, snatch eundem [acc.] same gemitus, gemitus[n] groan, sigh; roaring furtim adv. stealthily, secretly heus hey! illa(m) she, her, that (fem.) intendo-ere aim at intend vt. 想要, 打算, 意指, 意谓 interficio-ere-ci-ctum 3 kill inter vt. 埋葬, 葬, 埋 licet it is permitted locus-i [m] place metu abl. metus, metus fear, anxiety multo saeviores much more savage saevus-a -um, saevior -or –us comp. savage; fierce non numquam sometimes numquam adv never nullus not any, no one per auras through the air aura, aurae breeze, breath (of air), wind; percutio-ere strike, hit percuss vt. 轻敲, 轻叩, [医]叩诊, 敲; percussion 打击乐器; perterritus-a-um thoroughly scared terrible pharetra-ae [f] quiver 箭袋, 箭袋中的箭 praemium-i [n] prize, gift, reward quam than quem whom quidam [nom.] some (men) quo where (to) quoque also recupero-are recover, regain ripa-ae [f] bank riparial adj.河边的, 水滨的 sagittaria-ae [f] archeress