延安大学外国语学院教师教案(首页) 主讲教师 李艳 职称 教授 翻译理论与实践课程是英语教育专业学生的一门专业技能必修课, 课程性质 开设在第五学期。 教学目的使学生能够掌握翻译过程的三个阶段:理解、表达、审校 授课内容 第二讲翻译的过程 教学重点 翻译过程的三个阶段:理解、表达、审校 教学难点 翻译过程的三个阶段:理解、表达、审校 课时分配 两学时 教学方法 讲练结合,师生互动。 教学手段 常规教学。 思考题目 关于翻译的过程,你的看法如何? 作业与辅导(内 Translate the passage"Lyfe in the violin Case(on P. 153)into Chinese 容、时间) ①《新编英汉翻译教程》孙致礼,上海外语教育出版社,2003 ②《简明翻译教程》成昭伟等,国防工业出版社,2006 ③《英汉翻译教程》张培基等,上海外语教育出版社,1980 11
11 延安大学外国语学院教师教案（首页） 主讲教师 李 艳 职 称 教 授 课程性质 翻译理论与实践课程是英语教育专业学生的一门专业技能必修课， 开设在第五学期。 教学目的 使学生能够掌握翻译过程的三个阶段：理解、表达、审校 授课内容 第二讲 翻译的过程 教学重点 翻译过程的三个阶段：理解、表达、审校 教学难点 翻译过程的三个阶段：理解、表达、审校 课时分配 两学时 教学方法 讲练结合，师生互动。 教学手段 常规教学。 思考题目 关于翻译的过程，你的看法如何？ 作业与辅导（内 容、时间） Translate the passage “Life in the violin Case (on P.153) into Chinese” 参考文献 ①《新编英汉翻译教程》孙致礼，上海外语教育出版社，2003 ②《简明翻译教程》成昭伟等， 国防工业出版社，2006 ③《英汉翻译教程》张培基等，上海外语教育出版社，1980
Chapter 2 The Process of Translation I.Nida's analysis of oftranslation According to Nida's analysis, there are four steps in the translating process, thats(1) analysis of the source text(分析)2) transfer from the source to the target language(传译)(3) restructuring in the target language (irH )(4)testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended(future) audience.(B A )(Nida, 1993: 146-147) The analysis of the source text means a detailed treatment of both the designative and associative meanings of the lexemes, the syntax, and the discourse structures. Understanding and appreciation of the source text are fundamental to any attempts at translating The process of transfer involves the shift from thinking in the source language to thinking in the target language. Here is where the essential process of the translating takes place The process of restructuring involves the reorganization of the lexical syntactic and discourse features of the transferred text so as to provide maximal comprehension and appreciation on the part of the intended audience Although these three basic processes can be abstracted, it is entirely wrong to think that translators accomplish their task in three stages or steps. All three processes are going on at the same time and are already below the level of consciousness Checking -up of the translated text is also an essential step in translating. No one would dare declare that his translation needs no checking-up I. George Steiner's analysis of the process of translation According to George Steiner’s(乔治斯坦纳) nalysis( a British translation theorist) there are four steps in the translating process, that's(1) Trust(信任)(2) Aggression(进政)(3) corporation(吸收)(4) Restitution(补偿) ll. The process of translation Domestic scholars'analysis) The process of translation can be described as a three-step procedure: 1. comprehension (#E ) 2 expression(表达);3. revision(审校) 1. Comprehension Comprehension is the first step in the whole process of translation, and it is the basis of translation. To deal with the problems of comprehension, one translator should analyze the features of the source language or text rally speaking, four aspects, namely, grammatical analysis, language analysis, contextual analysis and logical analysis, must be taken into consideration in a thorough text analysis (1) Grammatical analysis It is generally accepted that translating means translating meaning To a translator with keen insights, however, grammar itself can convey some sort of additional information. Now that"grammar has meaning" according to Nida, we should never take it for granted(不要因为对某事熟悉而觉察不出它的价值). Grammatical analysis is necessary For example
12 Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 2 The Process Process Process Process of Translation Translation Translation Translation Ⅰ. Nida’s analysis analysis analysis analysis of the process process process process of translation translation translation translation According According According According to Nida’s analysis analysis analysis analysis, there are four steps in the translating process, that’s (1) analysis of the source text (分析)(2) transfer from the source to the target language （传译）(3) restructuring in the target language （重组）(4) testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended（future） audience.（检验） (Nida, 1993: 146-147) The analysis of the source text means a detailed treatment of both the designative and associative meanings of the lexemes, the syntax, and the discourse structures. Understanding and appreciation of the source text are fundamental to any attempts at translating. The process of transfer involves the shift from thinking in the source language to thinking in the target language. Here is where the essential process of the translating takes place. The process of restructuring involves the reorganization of the lexical syntactic and discourse features of the transferred text so as to provide maximal comprehension and appreciation on the part of the intended audience. Although these three basic processes can be abstracted, it is entirely wrong to think that translators accomplish their task in three stages or steps. All three processes are going on at the same time and are already below the level of consciousness. Checking -up of the translated text is also an essential step in translating. No one would dare declare that his translation needs no checking-up. Ⅱ. George Steiner Steiner Steiner Steiner’s analysis analysis analysis analysis of the process process process process of translation translation translation translation According According According According to George Steiner Steiner Steiner Steiner’s (乔治.斯坦纳)analysis( )analysis( )analysis( )analysis( a British British British British translation translation translation translation theorist) theorist) theorist) theorist), there are four steps in the translating process, that’s (1)Trust（信任）(2) Aggression（进攻）(3) Incorporation （吸收）(4) Restitution（补偿）. Ⅲ. The process process process process of translation translation translation translation (Domestic (Domestic (Domestic (Domestic scholars scholars scholars scholars’ analysis) analysis) analysis) analysis) The process of translation can be described as a three-step procedure: 1.comprehension(理解); 2.expression（表达）; 3. revision（审校）. 1. Comprehension omprehension omprehension omprehension Comprehension is the first step in the whole process of translation, and it is the basis of translation. To deal with the problems of comprehension, one translator should analyze the features of the source language or text. Generally speaking, four aspects, namely, grammatical analysis, language analysis, contextual analysis and logical analysis, must be taken into consideration in a thorough text analysis: (1) Grammatical Grammatical Grammatical Grammatical analysis analysis analysis analysis It is generally accepted that translating means translating meaning. To a translator with keen insights, however, grammar itself can convey some sort of additional information. Now that “grammar has meaning” according to Nida, we should never take it for granted (不要因为对某事熟悉而觉察不出它的价值). Grammatical analysis is necessary.For example
The man, wearing such dark glasses, obviously could not see clearly(此人因戴一副黑眼镜, 显然看不清东西) The participle phrase "wearing such dark glasses"requires our attention. If it is treated as an adverbial element, the version above bears no problem; if it is treated as an attributive element, however, the version should be这个戴黑眼镱的人显然看不清东西. Here we can see the later is preferable in view of the position of the phrase in the sentence (2) Language analysis( see students'book P 13) ( )Contextual analysis Language is an effective tool for human communication. The nguage we use is never something independent or self-sufficient. Like wise, when we translate a text, we must take each words or sentenee's context into account. Otherwise the meaning might become ambiguous due to the lack of a frame of reference. For example, a simple sentence like different contexts. If the cont examination, it means George did well in the test(乔治通过了考试); in a card game it would ndicate that george declined his chance to bid(乔治没有叫牌); in sports it would mean the ball eached another player(乔治把球传给其他球员) For the same reason, the word好 in the sentence身体好,学习好,工作好 must be treated carefully due to different collocations: keep fit, tudy well and work hard. Some examples are: (text book P. 18) ()Logical analysis According to Qian Gechuan(EK/l, 1903-1990), a famous translator in China, " Logical analysis is the last trump card in a translators hand and he must always keep a firm grasp on it "In other words, logical analysis can ensure one's correct understanding of the original. If something doesn't make sure, it's certain that some deviations( m E )have occurred Some examples are: (text book P 18-20) A translator's mission is to express the author or the speaker's real idea or intention. While expressing, the translator should attach the importance to three relations: (1)faithfulness and smoothness;(2) content and form;(3)restraining one's creativity and proper creativity(see tudents book P 21-29) 3. Revision In this phase [feiz] of process we do a complete revision of the rough version of the text. In fact, much work is required here: we are supposed to check the vocabulary, spelling, terminology (specialized vocabulary belonging to specialized areas), idiomatic phrases, grammar, information tructure and punctuation. Newmark (a British translation theorist)emphasizes revision thus Revision is also a technique that you require. I suggest you spend on revising 50-70% of the time you took on translating, depending on the difficulty of the text. If you have the time, do a second revision a day or so later. If appropriate, the final test should be for We may use all available resources(dictionaries, the internet, reference works,ete.)for the proofreading. After this stage the target text should be neat and polish and ready for publishing. 13
13 The man, wearing such dark glasses, obviously could not see clearly (此人因戴一副黑眼镜， 显然看不清东西). The participle phrase “wearing such dark glasses” requires our attention. If it is treated as an adverbial element, the version above bears no problem; if it is treated as an attributive element, however, the version should be 这个戴黑眼镜的人显然看不清东西. Here we can see the later is preferable in view of the position of the phrase in the sentence. (2) Language Language Language Language analysis analysis analysis analysis (see students students students students’ book P.13) (3) Contextual Contextual Contextual Contextual analysis analysis analysis analysis Language is an effective tool for human communication. The language we use is never something independent or self-sufficient. Like wise, when we translate a text, we must take each word’s or sentence sentence sentence sentence’s context context context context into account. Otherwise the meaning might become ambiguous due to the lack of a frame of reference. For example, a simple sentence like “George passed” may have different interpretations in different contexts. If the context is an examination, it means George did well in the test (乔治通过了考试)；in a card game it would indicate that George declined his chance to bid（乔治没有叫牌）; in sports it would mean the ball reached another player（乔治把球传给其他球员） .For the same reason, the word 好 in the sentence 身体好，学习好，工作好 must be treated carefully due to different collocations: keep fit, study well and work hard. Some examples are: (text book P.18) (4)Logical (4)Logical (4)Logical (4)Logical analysis analysis analysis analysis According to Qian Gechuan (钱歌川，1903-1990), a famous translator in China, “Logical analysis is the last trump card in a translator’s hand and he must always keep a firm grasp on it” In other words, logical analysis can ensure one’s correct understanding of the original. If something doesn’t make sure, it’s certain that some deviations(偏离) have occurred. Some examples are: (text book P.18-20) 2. Expression Expression Expression Expression A translator’s mission is to express the author or the speaker’s real idea or intention. While expressing, the translator should attach the importance to three relations: (1) faithfulness and smoothness; (2) content and form; (3) restraining one’s creativity and proper creativity (see students’ book P.21-29). 3. Revision Revision Revision Revision In this phase [feiz] of process we do a complete revision of the rough version of the text. In fact, much work is required here: we are supposed to check the vocabulary, spelling, terminology (specialized vocabulary belonging to specialized areas), idiomatic phrases, grammar, information structure and punctuation. Newmark (a British British British British translation translation translation translation theorist) theorist) theorist) theorist) emphasizes revision thus: Revision is also a technique that you require. I suggest you spend on revising 50-70% of the time you took on translating, depending on the difficulty of the text. If you have the time, do a second revision a day or so later.. If appropriate, the final test should be for naturalness: read the translation aloud to yourself. We may use all available resources (dictionaries, the internet, reference works, etc.) for the proofreading. After this stage the target text should be neat and polish and ready for publishing
ⅣV. Exercises 1. Improve the following translation (1)Mr. Collins had a compliment, and an allusion to throw in here, which were kindly smiled on by the mother and daughter. (J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice, Ch. 14, V. Il) 说到这里,柯林斯先生赶忙恭维了一句,又举了一个例子,母女俩听了都粲然一笑。 (2)"And you are my uncle, then!she cried, reaching up to salute him. (E. Bronte Wuthering Heights, Ch7, V Il) “这么说你是我的姑父啦,”她嚷道,走到他跟前,行了个礼。 (3)...the fate of men is as grim and bleak as the fate of women. Toilers and warriors(SR Sanders:“ Women and men”) 男人的命运和女人一样凄怆悲凉。儆苦工,当战士 (4)I was in the midale before I knew that I had begun. (J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice, Ch 18,V.I) 等我发现我自己开始爱上你的时候,我已经走了一半路了。 2. Translate the passage hree Peach Sones(on P. 154)into Chinese. 3. Translate the passage Pride and Pnyudice(on P. 206)into Chinese
14 Ⅳ. Exercises Exercises Exercises Exercises 1. Improve Improve Improve Improve the following following following following translations. translations. translations. translations. (1) Mr. Collins had a compliment, and an allusion to throw in here, which were kindly smiled on by the mother and daughter. (J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice, Ch. 14, V. II) 说到这里，柯林斯先生赶忙恭维了一句，又举了一个例子，母女俩听了都粲然一笑。 (2) “ And you are my uncle, then! ” she cried, reaching up to salute him.(E. Bronte: Wuthering Heights, Ch.7, V. II) “这么说你是我的姑父啦，”她嚷道，走到他跟前，行了个礼。 (3) …the fate of men is as grim and bleak as the fate of women. Toilers and warriors. (S.R. Sanders: “Women and Men”) 男人的命运和女人一样凄怆悲凉。做苦工，当战士。 (4) I was in the middle before I knew that I had begun. (J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice, Ch. 18, V. III) 等我发现我自己开始爱上你的时候，我已经走了一半路了。 2. Translate Translate Translate Translate the passage passage passage passage Three Peach Stones (on P.154) into Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese. 3. Translate Translate Translate Translate the passage passage passage passage Pride and Prejudice Prejudice Prejudice Prejudice (on P.206) into Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese
延安大学外国语学院教师教案(首页) 主讲教师 李艳 职称 教授 翻译理论与实践(英-汉翻译)课程是英语教育专业学生的一门专业 课程性质 技能必修课,开设在第五学期 掌握翻译的基本方法异化法、归化法并区分它们与直译、意译有何异 教学目的 同 第三讲翻译的方法 授课内容 1.直译2意译3.异化法4归化法5异化、归化并用互补 教学重点 异化法、归化法 教学难点 异化法、归化法 课时分配 四学时 教学方法 讲练结合,师生互动。 教学手段 常规教学。 思考题目 异化法、归化法与直译、意译有何异同。 作业与辅导(内容 按时完成课后练习题,老师将批改完作业之后详细讲评。 时间) ①《新编英汉翻译教程》孙致礼,上海外语教育出版社,2003 参考文献 ②陈昭卫,《简明翻译教程》国防工业出版社,2006 ③朱徽,《汉英翻译教程》重庆大学出版社,2004
15 延安大学外国语学院教师教案（首页） 延安大学外国语学院教师教案（首页） 延安大学外国语学院教师教案（首页） 延安大学外国语学院教师教案（首页） 主讲教师 李 艳 职 称 教 授 课程性质 翻译理论与实践（英-汉翻译）课程是英语教育专业学生的一门专业 技能必修课，开设在第五学期。 教学目的 掌握翻译的基本方法异化法、归化法并区分它们与直译、意译有何异 同。 授课内容 第三讲 翻译的方法 1.直译 2.意译 3.异化法 4.归化法 5.异化、归化并用互补 教学重点 异化法、归化法 教学难点 异化法、归化法 课时分配 四学时 教学方法 讲练结合，师生互动。 教学手段 常规教学。 思考题目 异化法、归化法与直译、意译有何异同。 作业与辅导（内容、 时间） 按时完成课后练习题，老师将批改完作业之后详细讲评。 参考文献 ①《新编英汉翻译教程》孙致礼，上海外语教育出版社，2003 ②陈昭卫，《简明翻译教程》国防工业出版社，2006 ③朱徽，《汉英翻译教程》重庆大学出版社，2004