南澈发展历史二、1.经典物理学“完美”的理论十九世纪末期，经典物理学机械运动一Newton力学电磁现象和光一Maxwell方程热现象一热力学和统计物理学（Boltzmann&Gibbs)"The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical sciencehave all been discovered, and these are now so firmly established thatthe possibility of their ever being supplanted in consequence of newdiscoveries is exceedingly remote.... Our future discoveries must belookedforinthesixthplaceofdecima"Albert.A.Michelson(迈克耳进）AlbertMichelson(1852-1931).AmericanphysicistprofessorinClevelandandChicago,USA.HespecializeceecddicatioyysbhicgnehAmerican to receive a Nobel Prize in physics, 190711111111111111111《量子化学》绪论
《量子化学》绪论 二、发展历史 1. 经典物理学 十九世纪末期，经典物理学 “完美”的理论 机械运动 →Newton力学 电磁现象和光 →Maxwell方程 热现象 →热力学和统计物理学 (Boltzmann &Gibbs) “The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical science have all been discovered, and these are now so firmly established that the possibility of their ever being supplanted in consequence of new discoveries is exceedingly remote. Our future discoveries must be looked for in the sixth place of decima ” Albert. A. Michelson(迈克耳逊) speech at the dedication of Ryerson Physics Lab, U. of Chicago 1894 Albert Michelson (1852–1931), American physicist, professor in Cleveland and Chicago, USA. He specialized in the precise measurements of the speed of light. the first American to receive a Nobel Prize in physics, 1907 11111111111111111 11111111111111111
南There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains ismore andmoreprecisemeasurement... The beauty and clearness of the dynamical theory, which asserts heatand light to be modes of motion, is at present obscured by two clouds.The first came into existence with the undulatory theory of light ... itinvolved the question 'How could the Earth move through an elastic solid,such as essentiallyis theluminiferousether?The second is the Maxwell-Boltzmann current doctrine regarding thepartition of energy...-Kelvin,Lord WilliamThomsonKelvin, Lord William Thomson(1824-1907)Thehistoryofguantumtheory,oneofmostrevolutionaryandsuccessfultheorieseverdesignedbyman,will brieflybegivenbelow.11111111111111111《量子化学》绪论
《量子化学》绪论 There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement. . The beauty and clearness of the dynamical theory, which asserts heat and light to be modes of motion, is at present obscured by two clouds. The first came into existence with the undulatory theory of light . it involved the question 'How could the Earth move through an elastic solid, such as essentially is the luminiferous ether?' The second is the Maxwell-Boltzmann current doctrine regarding the partition of energy . - Kelvin, Lord William Thomson The history of quantum theory, one of most revolutionary and successful theories ever designed by man, will briefly be given below. Kelvin, Lord William Thomson(1824-1907) 11111111111111111 11111111111111111
JN南2.旧量子论1)Blackbodyradiation1900-MaxPlanckPlanckdistributionRayleight-Jeans lawWein distributionwf,WilhelmWien(18641928).O1German physicist received the1911NobelPrizeforhisworkon2heatradiation.510入/10~m1900年12月14日Planck提出能量量子化假设，成功解决了黑体辐射问题，这一天被公认为量子理论诞生日h=6.62606896x10-34J·sMax Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck [1858-1947), German physicist, professor at theJohnWilliamStrutt.LordRavleiah(1842-1919].BritishuniversitiesinMunich,KielandBerlin,firstdirectoroftheInstitute ofTheoreticalphysicist,CavendishProfessoratCambridge,receivedPhysics in Berlin.He made a major breakthrough as if in an act of scientific1904NobelPrize"forhisinvestigationsofthedensitiesofdesperation.In1918Planck receivedtheNobelPrize"forservices renderedtothemostimportantgasesandforhisdiscoveryofargontheadvancementofPhysicsbyhisdiscoveryofenergyquanta".inconnectionwiththesestudies".11111111111111111《量子化学》绪论
《量子化学》绪论 2. 旧量子论 1) Black body radiation 1900 – Max Planck 0 510 0 2 4 Planck distribution Rayleight-Jeans law Wein distribution / 10 3 J m -4 /10-6m 20 30 40 50 60 Wilhelm Wien (1864 –1928) German physicist received the 1911 Nobel Prize for his work on heat radiation. John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh (1842–1919), British physicist, Cavendish Professor at Cambridge, received 1904 Nobel Prize “for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies”. Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858–1947), German physicist, professor at the universities in Munich, Kiel and Berlin, first director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Berlin. He made a major breakthrough as if in an act of scientific desperation. In 1918 Planck received the Nobel Prize “for services rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta”. h = 6.626068961034 Jꞏs 1900年12月14日Planck提出能量量子化假 设，成功解决了黑体辐射问题，这一天被 公认为量子理论诞生日 11111111111111111 11111111111111111