《英语翻译》课程教学资源（名作佳译）毛泽东选集（英文版）卷五 Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung Vol. 5.pdf_P11-P15

this way is not more advantageous.The reasons for taking this course are:First,the agrarian reform is unprecedented in scale and ultra-Left deviations are likely to occur.If we touch only the landlords and not the rich peasants,we can more effectively isolate the landlords,protect the middle peasants and guard against indiscriminate beating and killing,which would be very hard to prevent otherwise.Second,the agrarian reform in the north was carried out in wartime,with the atmosphere of war prevailing over that of agrarian reform;but now,with the fighting practically over,the agrarian reform stands out in sharp relief,and the shock to society will be particularly great and the landlords'outcries particularly shrill.If we leave the semi-feudal rich peasants untouched for the time being and deal with them a few years later,we will stand on stronger ground,that is to say, politically we will have more initiative.Third,we have formed a united front with the national bourgeoisie politically,economically and organizationally;and since the national bourgeoisie is closely tied up with the land problem,it seems better not to touch the semi-feudal rich peasants for the time being in order to set the minds of the national bourgeoisie at rest. At the meeting of the Political Bureau last November,I raised the question of not touching the rich peasants for the time being,but neither a detailed analysis nor a decision was made then.Now is the time to make a decision.Following that,the Land Law and other documents related to agrarian reform will have to be revised and promulgated for the agrarian reform cadres in the recently liberated provinces to study,so that we can facilitate the agrarian reform which is due to begin after the autumn harvest.Otherwise,we would be letting the right moment slip by and lose the initiative. Therefore,it is most important for the comrades not only of the Central-South Bureau but also of the East China Bureau,the South China Sub-Bureau,the Southwest Bureau and the Northwest Bureau to discuss this question,forward this telegram to the provincial and municipal committees under them for discussion,collect opinions,pro and con,and promptly telegraph them to the Central Committee for our consideration in making the decision. Transcription by the Maoist Documentation Project. HTML revised 2004 by Marxists.org FIGHT FORA FUNDAMENTAL TURN FOR THE BETTER N THE NATION'S FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION Jne6,1950 [Written report to the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

this way is not more advantageous. The reasons for taking this course are: First, the agrarian reform is unprecedented in scale and ultra-Left deviations are likely to occur. If we touch only the landlords and not the rich peasants, we can more effectively isolate the landlords, protect the middle peasants and guard against indiscriminate beating and killing, which would be very hard to prevent otherwise. Second, the agrarian reform in the north was carried out in wartime, with the atmosphere of war prevailing over that of agrarian reform; but now, with the fighting practically over, the agrarian reform stands out in sharp relief, and the shock to society will be particularly great and the landlords' outcries particularly shrill. If we leave the semi-feudal rich peasants untouched for the time being and deal with them a few years later, we will stand on stronger ground, that is to say, politically we will have more initiative. Third, we have formed a united front with the national bourgeoisie politically, economically and organizationally; and since the national bourgeoisie is closely tied up with the land problem, it seems better not to touch the semi-feudal rich peasants for the time being in order to set the minds of the national bourgeoisie at rest. At the meeting of the Political Bureau last November, I raised the question of not touching the rich peasants for the time being, but neither a detailed analysis nor a decision was made then. Now is the time to make a decision. Following that, the Land Law and other documents related to agrarian reform will have to be revised and promulgated for the agrarian reform cadres in the recently liberated provinces to study, so that we can facilitate the agrarian reform which is due to begin after the autumn harvest. Otherwise, we would be letting the right moment slip by and lose the initiative. Therefore, it is most important for the comrades not only of the Central-South Bureau but also of the East China Bureau, the South China Sub-Bureau, the Southwest Bureau and the Northwest Bureau to discuss this question, forward this telegram to the provincial and municipal committees under them for discussion, collect opinions, pro and con, and promptly telegraph them to the Central Committee for our consideration in making the decision. Transcription by the Maoist Documentation Project. HTML revised 2004 by Marxists.org FIGHT FOR A FUNDAMENTAL TURN FOR THE BETTER IN THE NATION'S FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION June 6, 1950 [Written report to the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.]

The present international situation is favourable to us.The world front of peace and democracy headed by the Soviet Union is stronger than it was last year.The people's movement for peace and against war has made headway in all countries.The national liberation movements to throw off the yoke of imperialism have greatly expanded,and the emerging mass movements of the Japanese and the German people against U.S.occupation and the growing people's liberation struggles of the oppressed nations in the East are especially noteworthy.At the same time,contradictions have developed between the imperialist countries,primarily between the United States and Britain. Quarrels among the different groups of the U.S.bourgeoisie and of the British bourgeoisie have also increased.In contrast,there is strong unity between the Soviet Union and the People's Democracies and among the latter.The new treaty between China and the Soviet Union,[1l which is of great and historic significance,has strengthened the friendly relations between the two countries;it enables us to carry on our national construction more freely and more speedily and at the same time promotes the mighty struggle of the people of the world for peace and democracy and against war and oppression.The threat of war from the imperialist camp still exists,and so does the possibility of a third world war.However,the forces fighting to check the danger of war and prevent the outbreak of a third world war are growing rapidly,and the level of political consciousness of most of the world's people is rising.A new world war can be averted,provided the Communist Parties of the world continue to unite all possible forces for peace and democracy and help their further development.The war rumours spread by the Kuomintang reactionaries are designed to deceive the people,they are groundless The present situation in our country is as follows.The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and local people's governments at all levels have been set up.The Soviet Union, the People's Democracies and a number of capitalist countries have successively established diplomatic relations with our country.Basically the war has ended on the mainland,and only Taiwan and Tibet remain to be liberated,but this task still involves serious struggle.In certain areas on the mainland the Kuomintang reactionaries have resorted to bandit guerrilla warfare and incited some backward elements against the People's Government.They have organized many secret agents and spies to oppose our government and spread rumours among the people in an attempt to undermine the prestige of the Communist Party and the People's Government and to disrupt the unity and co-operation of the various nationalities,democratic classes,democratic parties and people's organizations.These secret agents and spies are also engaged in sabotaging the people's economic undertakings,assassinating the personnel of the Party and government organizations and collecting intelligence for the imperialists and the Kuomintang reactionaries.All these counter- revolutionary activities are directed from behind the scenes by imperialism,and particularly by U.S. imperialism.All these bandits,secret agents and spies are imperialist lackeys.In the thirteen and a half months since the operations mounted to cross the Yangtse,which began on April 21,1949 after the decisive victories in the three great campaigns of Liaohsi-Shenyang,Huai-Hai and Peiping- Tientsin in the winter of 1948,the People's Liberation Army has completed the occupation of all Chinese territory except Tibet and Taiwan and a number of other islands and wiped out 1,830,000 troops of the reactionary Kuomintang and 980,000 of its bandit guerrilla forces,during this time the people's public security organs have uncovered large numbers of reactionary secret service groups and agents.In the new liberated areas,the present task of the People's Liberation Army is to

The present international situation is favourable to us. The world front of peace and democracy headed by the Soviet Union is stronger than it was last year. The people's movement for peace and against war has made headway in all countries. The national liberation movements to throw off the yoke of imperialism have greatly expanded, and the emerging mass movements of the Japanese and the German people against U.S. occupation and the growing people's liberation struggles of the oppressed nations in the East are especially noteworthy. At the same time, contradictions have developed between the imperialist countries, primarily between the United States and Britain. Quarrels among the different groups of the U.S. bourgeoisie and of the British bourgeoisie have also increased. In contrast, there is strong unity between the Soviet Union and the People's Democracies and among the latter. The new treaty between China and the Soviet Union, [1] which is of great and historic significance, has strengthened the friendly relations between the two countries; it enables us to carry on our national construction more freely and more speedily and at the same time promotes the mighty struggle of the people of the world for peace and democracy and against war and oppression. The threat of war from the imperialist camp still exists, and so does the possibility of a third world war. However, the forces fighting to check the danger of war and prevent the outbreak of a third world war are growing rapidly, and the level of political consciousness of most of the world's people is rising. A new world war can be averted, provided the Communist Parties of the world continue to unite all possible forces for peace and democracy and help their further development. The war rumours spread by the Kuomintang reactionaries are designed to deceive the people, they are groundless The present situation in our country is as follows. The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and local people's governments at all levels have been set up. The Soviet Union, the People's Democracies and a number of capitalist countries have successively established diplomatic relations with our country. Basically the war has ended on the mainland, and only Taiwan and Tibet remain to be liberated, but this task still involves serious struggle. In certain areas on the mainland the Kuomintang reactionaries have resorted to bandit guerrilla warfare and incited some backward elements against the People's Government. They have organized many secret agents and spies to oppose our government and spread rumours among the people in an attempt to undermine the prestige of the Communist Party and the People's Government and to disrupt the unity and co-operation of the various nationalities, democratic classes, democratic parties and people's organizations. These secret agents and spies are also engaged in sabotaging the people's economic undertakings, assassinating the personnel of the Party and government organizations and collecting intelligence for the imperialists and the Kuomintang reactionaries. All these counterrevolutionary activities are directed from behind the scenes by imperialism, and particularly by U.S. imperialism. All these bandits, secret agents and spies are imperialist lackeys. In the thirteen and a half months since the operations mounted to cross the Yangtse, which began on April 21, 1949 after the decisive victories in the three great campaigns of Liaohsi-Shenyang, Huai-Hai and PeipingTientsin in the winter of 1948, the People's Liberation Army has completed the occupation of all Chinese territory except Tibet and Taiwan and a number of other islands and wiped out 1,830,000 troops of the reactionary Kuomintang and 980,000 of its bandit guerrilla forces, during this time the people's public security organs have uncovered large numbers of reactionary secret service groups and agents. In the new liberated areas, the present task of the People's Liberation Army is to

continue to wipe out the remnant bandits and that of the people's public security organs is to continue to strike at the enemy's secret service groups.The great majority of the people throughout the country warmly support the Communist Party,the People's Government and the People's Liberation Army.In recent months,the People's Government has exercised unified control and unified leadership over financial and economic work on a national scale and has been successful in balancing budgetary revenues and expenditures,checking inflation and stabilizing prices.The whole people have supported the government by delivering grain,paying taxes and buying state bonds.[2]Last year our country was hit by natural calamities over wide areas;about 120 million mou of farmland and 40 million people were affected by flood or drought to a greater or lesser degree.The People's Government has organized extensive relief for the victims and in many places has initiated large-scale water conservancy work.This year's crops are better than last year's and in general the summer harvest looks good.If the autumn harvest is also good,still better prospects for next year may be envisaged.Long years of imperialist and reactionary Kuomintang rule left our economy in a chaotic state and caused widespread unemployment.Since our victory in the revolution,there have been reorganizations of varying degrees in the whole of the old economic structure and the number of unemployed has further increased.This is a serious matter,and the People's Government has begun to adopt measures to give relief to the unemployed and find jobs for them so as to solve the problem step by step.It has done extensive work in the spheres of culture and education,and large numbers of intellectuals and students have undertaken either studies of the new knowledge or revolutionary work.It has already done something towards properly readjusting industry and commerce and improving the relations between the state sector and the private sector of the economy and between labour and capital,and it is devoting great efforts towards these ends. China is a vast country and conditions are very complex;moreover the revolution triumphed first in certain areas and only later throughout the country.Accordingly,in the old liberated areas(with a population of approximately 160 million),agrarian reform has been completed,public order has been established,the work of economic construction has started on the right track,the life of most of the working people has improved,and the problem of unemployed workers and intellectuals has been solved(as in the Northeast)or is nearing solution(as in North China and Shantung Province). In particular,planned economic construction has begun in the Northeast.On the other hand,in the new liberated areas (with a population of approximately 310 million),since liberation occurred only a few months ago,or half a year or one year ago,the more than 400,000 bandits scattered in remote regions have yet to be wiped out,the land problem has not been solved,industry and commerce have not been properly readjusted,unemployment has remained serious,and public order has not been established.In a word,the conditions for carrying out planned economic construction are still lacking.That is why I said some time ago that we had achieved a number of successes on the economic front,for example,budgetary revenues and expenditures were nearly balanced,inflation was being checked and prices were tending towards stability-all this indicated that the financial and economic situation was beginning to take a turn for the better,but not yet a fundamental turn for the better.Three conditions are required for the fundamental turn for the better in the financial and economic situation,namely,(1)completion of agrarian reform;(2)proper readjustment of existing industry and commerce;and(3)large-scale retrenchment in government expenditures.The fulfilment of these three conditions will take some time,say three years or a little longer.The whole Party and nation must strive to bring about these conditions.I believe,and so do

continue to wipe out the remnant bandits and that of the people's public security organs is to continue to strike at the enemy's secret service groups. The great majority of the people throughout the country warmly support the Communist Party, the People's Government and the People's Liberation Army. In recent months, the People's Government has exercised unified control and unified leadership over financial and economic work on a national scale and has been successful in balancing budgetary revenues and expenditures, checking inflation and stabilizing prices. The whole people have supported the government by delivering grain, paying taxes and buying state bonds. [2]Last year our country was hit by natural calamities over wide areas; about 120 million mou of farmland and 40 million people were affected by flood or drought to a greater or lesser degree. The People's Government has organized extensive relief for the victims and in many places has initiated large-scale water conservancy work. This year's crops are better than last year's and in general the summer harvest looks good. If the autumn harvest is also good, still better prospects for next year may be envisaged. Long years of imperialist and reactionary Kuomintang rule left our economy in a chaotic state and caused widespread unemployment. Since our victory in the revolution, there have been reorganizations of varying degrees in the whole of the old economic structure and the number of unemployed has further increased. This is a serious matter, and the People's Government has begun to adopt measures to give relief to the unemployed and find jobs for them so as to solve the problem step by step. It has done extensive work in the spheres of culture and education, and large numbers of intellectuals and students have undertaken either studies of the new knowledge or revolutionary work. It has already done something towards properly readjusting industry and commerce and improving the relations between the state sector and the private sector of the economy and between labour and capital, and it is devoting great efforts towards these ends. China is a vast country and conditions are very complex; moreover the revolution triumphed first in certain areas and only later throughout the country. Accordingly, in the old liberated areas (with a population of approximately 160 million), agrarian reform has been completed, public order has been established, the work of economic construction has started on the right track, the life of most of the working people has improved, and the problem of unemployed workers and intellectuals has been solved (as in the Northeast) or is nearing solution (as in North China and Shantung Province). In particular, planned economic construction has begun in the Northeast. On the other hand, in the new liberated areas (with a population of approximately 310 million), since liberation occurred only a few months ago, or half a year or one year ago, the more than 400,000 bandits scattered in remote regions have yet to be wiped out, the land problem has not been solved, industry and commerce have not been properly readjusted, unemployment has remained serious, and public order has not been established. In a word, the conditions for carrying out planned economic construction are still lacking. That is why I said some time ago that we had achieved a number of successes on the economic front, for example, budgetary revenues and expenditures were nearly balanced, inflation was being checked and prices were tending towards stability - all this indicated that the financial and economic situation was beginning to take a turn for the better, but not yet a fundamental turn for the better. Three conditions are required for the fundamental turn for the better in the financial and economic situation, namely, (1) completion of agrarian reform; (2) proper readjustment of existing industry and commerce; and (3) large-scale retrenchment in government expenditures. The fulfilment of these three conditions will take some time, say three years or a little longer. The whole Party and nation must strive to bring about these conditions. I believe, and so do