民以食为天”是中国人常说的一句话，意思 就是说，对于普通民众来说，吃饭是跟天一样重 要的事情。这一点跟西方文化完全不同。看看比 商周略晚的古希腊的艺术品，大多是裸体人形的 雕塑，你便能体会到中西文化从一开始就存在着 多么显著的差异！ The saying min yi shi wei tian(Food is Heaven for the people)is something Chinese people often say,meaning that for common people there is almost nothing quite as important as food.In this respect Chinese and Western cultures are total opposites.Take a look at the works of art produced at the same time as the Zhou Dynasty in Ancient Greece,the vast majority are nude sculptures. Here we can get a feel for how,from the very beginning,there have existed clear differences between Chinese and the Western culture
“民以食为天”是中国人常说的一句话，意思 就是说，对于普通民众来说，吃饭是跟天一样重 要的事情。这一点跟西方文化完全不同。看看比 商周略晚的古希腊的艺术品，大多是裸体人形的 雕塑，你便能体会到中西文化从一开始就存在着 多么显著的差异！ The saying min yi shi wei tian (Food is Heaven for the people) is something Chinese people often say, meaning that for common people there is almost nothing quite as important as food. In this respect Chinese and Western cultures are total opposites. Take a look at the works of art produced at the same time as the Zhou Dynasty in Ancient Greece, the vast majority are nude sculptures. Here we can get a feel for how, from the very beginning, there have existed clear differences between Chinese and the Western culture
孔子及其影响 Confucius and His Influence
孔子及其影响 Confucius and His Influence
读前思考Pre-reading Questions 1.为什么英文把“孔子”译为“Confucius”?为什 么那个时代中国思想家的名字都带一个“子”？ Whyf孔子is translated into“Confucius”in English?Why do the names of the famous ideologists in Confucius's time often contain? 2.请你介绍一下你所知道的孔子和他的思想，讲 讲他对中国文化有什么样的影响。 Please talk about Confucius,his thoughts and his influences on Chinese culture
读前思考 Pre-reading Questions 1. 为什么英文把“孔子”译为“Confucius”？为什 么那个时代中国思想家的名字都带一个“子”？ Why 孔子 is translated into “Confucius” in English? Why do the names of the famous ideologists in Confucius’s time often contain子? 2. 请你介绍一下你所知道的孔子和他的思想，讲 讲他对中国文化有什么样的影响。 Please talk about Confucius, his thoughts and his influences on Chinese culture
>孔子是2000多年前中国的一位哲学家，孔子生活在今天山东地 区一个叫“鲁”的诸侯国，他提倡人与人之间讲“仁爱”，不 要打仗，这种思想跟当时各国互相攻伐的历史背景很不相称。 Confucius is a famous philosopher from 2 000 years in the past.He lived in the state of Lu in part of what is today Shandong Province and promoted benevolence and an end to the violence,a philosophy that went against the bellicose nature of his time. > 在这个时期还有很多思想家，每个思想家都有各自的主张，比 如道家的老子，墨家的墨子等等，大家互相著述辩论，但是包 括儒家在丙，没有一个是社会上的主流思想。 During this time Confucius was merely one of many thinkers with a philosophy to promote,such as for example Laozi(571 B.C.-471? B.C.),Mozi(468 B.C.-376?B.C.)and others.These various orators debated and competed amongst themselves and for society at that time there was not one philosophy that was considered mainstream
孔子是2000多年前中国的一位哲学家，孔子生活在今天山东地 区一个叫“鲁”的诸侯国，他提倡人与人之间讲“仁爱”，不 要打仗，这种思想跟当时各国互相攻伐的历史背景很不相称。 Confucius is a famous philosopher from 2 000 years in the past. He lived in the state of Lu in part of what is today Shandong Province and promoted benevolence and an end to the violence, a philosophy that went against the bellicose nature of his time. 在这个时期还有很多思想家，每个思想家都有各自的主张，比 如道家的老子，墨家的墨子等等，大家互相著述辩论，但是包 括儒家在内，没有一个是社会上的主流思想。 During this time Confucius was merely one of many thinkers with a philosophy to promote, such as for example Laozi(571 B.C.–471? B.C.),Mozi(468 B.C.–376? B.C.) and others. These various orators debated and competed amongst themselves and for society at that time there was not one philosophy that was considered mainstream
>汉朝（前206一220）时国家安定，统治者觉得儒家思想有利 于国家的统治，就把孔子的思想重新拿出来，并奉为国家哲 学，要求所有人都尊崇孔子，孔子的权威就这样树立起来了 。此后，尽管中国经历了很多王朝更替，但是孔子的权威始 终没有动摇。 The Han Dynasty was a time of relative peace and Confucianism was considered a beneficial philosophy of governance.With this the thought of Confucius was resurrected and installed as the state philosophy.With reverence of Confucius required this is how the seed of Confucianism as a powerful force was planted.Hereafter, no matter how many regime changes China underwent, Confucianism could not be shaken from its prime position of authority
汉朝（前206—220）时国家安定，统治者觉得儒家思想有利 于国家的统治，就把孔子的思想重新拿出来，并奉为国家哲 学，要求所有人都尊崇孔子，孔子的权威就这样树立起来了 。此后，尽管中国经历了很多王朝更替，但是孔子的权威始 终没有动摇。 • The Han Dynasty was a time of relative peace and Confucianism was considered a beneficial philosophy of governance. With this the thought of Confucius was resurrected and installed as the state philosophy. With reverence of Confucius required this is how the seed of Confucianism as a powerful force was planted. Hereafter, no matter how many regime changes China underwent, Confucianism could not be shaken from its prime position of authority