上充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Lecture 1 Microorganisms Microbiology Chapter 1 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS Chen Feng School of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University http://micro.sjtu.edu.cn
Lecture 1 Microorganisms & Microbiology Chen Feng School of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University http://micro.sjtu.edu.cn Chapter 1 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
上游充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.1 Microbiology As a basic biological science,microbiology provides tools for probing the processes of life. As an applied biological science,microbiology deals with many important practical problems in medicine,agriculture,and industry. Chen Feng,Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.1 Microbiology As a basic biological science, microbiology provides tools for probing the processes of life. As an applied biological science, microbiology deals with many important practical problems in medicine, agriculture, and industry
上游充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.Compartmentalization and metabolism Cells take up nutrients from the environment,transform them, and release wastes into the environment.The cell is thus an open system. 1.2 Microorganisms as Cells Cel 1.2.1 Characteristics of living Environment 2.Reproduction(growth) systems Chemicals from the environment are turned into new cells under the genetic direction of preexisting cells. ●→● Hallmarks /characteristics 3.Differentiation Some cells can form new cell structures such as a spore,usually as part of a cellular life cycle Spore 1.Metabolism代谢 4.Communication 2.Growth生长 Cells communicate or interact by means of chemicals that are released or taken up. 3.Differentiation.分化 4. Communication交流 5.Movement Some cells are capable of self-propulsion. 5. Movement运动 6. Evolution进化 6.Evolution Cells contain genes and evolve to display new biological properties.Phylogenetic trees show the evolutionary relationships between cells. heredity and mutation-information Distinct Ancestral species flow Distinct species Chen Fens Education,Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.2 Microorganisms as Cells 1.2.1 Characteristics of living systems Hallmarks / characteristics 1. Metabolism代谢 2. Growth生长 3. Differentiation分化 4. Communication交流 5. Movement运动 6. Evolution进化 heredity and mutation-information flow
上游充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.2.2 Cells as chemical machines and as coding devices Cells are self-replicating entities可自我复制的主体， they can be viewed in two ways: 圈As chemical machines作为化学机器的细胞 carrying out chemical transformations of non-living materials to living materials to provide energy and precursors for cell reproduction As coding devices作为编码装置的细胞 serving as storehouses and processors of genetic information(DNA)to give the cell instructions to make new copies of itself Chen Feng,Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.2.2 Cells as chemical machines and as coding devices Cells are self-replicating entities可自我复制的主体, they can be viewed in two ways: As chemical machines作为化学机器的细胞 • carrying out chemical transformations of non-living materials to living materials to provide energy and precursors for cell reproduction As coding devices作为编码装置的细胞 • serving as storehouses and processors of genetic information (DNA) to give the cell instructions to make new copies of itself
上游充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University Cells are both machines and coding devices The link between these two cellular attributes is growth. Coding Machine functions functions Machine and coding functions DNA NOTOTIT Energy conservation: ADP+PA◆ATP Metabolism:generation work together to reproduce cells. of precursors of macro- molecules (sugars,amino Replication Gene expression acids,fatty acids,etc.) 生长将这两项功能合二为一， 0T0000 Transcription Enzymes:metabolic catalysts 000形网mA RNA 共同繁殖新细胞 Translation Coordination and regulation are Proteins highly needed between these two functions.需要协调（与调 节) Cher Reproduction(growth) Coyt200 Pearson Education ine.pubishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Cells are both machines and coding devices The link between these two cellular attributes is growth. Machine and coding functions work together to reproduce cells. 生长将这两项功能合二为一, 共同繁殖新细胞 Coordination and regulation are highly needed between these two functions.需要协调（与调 节）