上游充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Coding Machine functions functions DNA YITUTOT Energy conservation: ADP+P ATP Metabolism:generation of precursors of macro- molecules(sugars,amino Replication Gene expression acids,fatty acids,etc.) 000 Transcription Enzymes:metabolic catalysts 000w%w The machine and RNA coding functions of Translation the cell 00g Proteins Reproduction(growth) Copyrigh2009 Pearson Education.Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University The machine and coding functions of the cell
上降充通大睾 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.3 Microorganisms A large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cells or cell clusters,it also include non-cellular life forms such as viruses and prions.微生物：微小的细胞或非细胞生物 Chen Feng,Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.3 Microorganisms A large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cells or cell clusters, it also include non-cellular life forms such as viruses and prions.微生物：微小的细胞或非细胞生物
上游充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University Compared with plant and animal cells, microorganisms are: ·Very small-bacteria0.5-5m,微小 ·Highly diverse-all kinds of morphology,形态多 样 ·leading an independent living独立生活 Chen Feng,Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Compared with plant and animal cells, microorganisms are: • Very small-bacteria 0.5-5μm,微小 • Highly diverse-all kinds of morphology，形态多 样 • leading an independent living独立生活
h 上海充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.4 The Impact of Microorganisms on Humans 生物对人类的影响 圈Disease agents病原物 Human,animal,plants ©Agriculture农业 ·Nitrogen fixation-root nodule:根瘤 ·Animal digestion-rumen:膪胃 ©Food industry食品工业 ·Spoilage ·Fermented food ©Energy能源 Biomass ·Biofuels 圈Environment:环境 。 Bioremediation生物修复 Chen Feng,Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.4 The Impact of Microorganisms on Humans 微 生物对人类的影响 Disease agents病原物 • Human, animal, plants Agriculture农业 • Nitrogen fixation-root nodule根瘤 • Animal digestion-rumen瘤胃 Food industry食品工业 • Spoilage • Fermented food Energy能源 • Biomass • Biofuels Environment环境 • Bioremediation生物修复
上游充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Pathogens-harmful microorganisms Time:1350 A.D.Place:the European continent. "In less than two years'time,the Bubonic Plague wiped out half the population of Europe.Fleas bit rats and then bit man, but no one knew it.An estimated 25 million people died in 14 months.Some individual cities had a mortality as high as 90%. Bodies were piled into carts and dragged away to be burned in common graves.It was a most grotesque way to die:bleeding and screaming and having one's organs literally liquefy.From infection to death took perhaps one week. 1350年黑死病流行于欧洲，2500万人在14个月内死亡。 Bubonic Plague.黑死病，淋巴腺鼠疫 Chen Feng,Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Pathogens-harmful microorganisms Time: 1350 A.D. Place: the European continent. “In less than two years' time, the Bubonic Plague wiped out half the population of Europe. Fleas bit rats and then bit man, but no one knew it. An estimated 25 million people died in 14 months. Some individual cities had a mortality as high as 90%. Bodies were piled into carts and dragged away to be burned in common graves. It was a most grotesque way to die: bleeding and screaming and having one's organs literally liquefy. From infection to death took perhaps one week. ” 1350年黑死病流行于欧洲，2500万人在14个月内死亡。 Bubonic Plague黑死病, 淋巴腺鼠疫